There was an increase in the number of females prosecuted for violence against the person offences. The custody rate ranged between 20% and 23% across all female ethnic groups. This report is a compendium of information from a range of data sources from across the CJS on the representation of females (and males) among victims, suspects, defendants and offenders. Significantly more females were victim to theft from the person, than males. 62.9% of custodial fathers are non-Hispanic white men. Offenders with 1 to 14 previous cautions or convictions accounted for 51% of all offenders in 2019, 86% were male, compared to 14% who were female. Her Majestys Inspectorate of Prisons (HMIP) for England & Wales aims to ensure independent inspection of places of detention, report on conditions and treatment, and promote positive outcomes for those detained and the public. These data comes from the Child Support Supplement to the April 2018 Current Population Survey (CPS). This was higher than the proportion of pupils eligible for FSM in the overall pupil population (including both offenders and non-offenders) in 2013/14 and 2014/15 (14% for both young females and young males). The custody rate for this offence was 14% for females and 34% for males in 2019. , Statistics on case management come from Criminal Court Statistics. , Self-declared from HR records, as at 1 April 2019. In 2019, male children had an ACSL of 19.1 months and female children had an ACSL of 19.0 months. Males were serving longer custodial sentence lengths. All results relate to England and Wales unless explicitly stated otherwise. Throughout this report we refer to sex rather than gender, because the binary classification better reflects how individuals are generally reported or managed through the CJS. Youth custody data for December 2015 published. This chapter reports on the trends in the composition of staff and practitioners throughout the criminal justice system (CJS) by sex. However, given the range of recording practises (see technical guide for details) throughout the CJS, it is likely that most recording includes a mixture of physiological and personal identity. Of all female offenders cautioned or convicted in 2019, 35% were first time offenders, compared to 22% for males. A first time offender is an offender who has been arrested by police in England or Wales; and who has received a first conviction, caution or youth caution for any offence[footnote 87] recorded on the Police National Computer. , Figures on cautions exclude cases where sex is not known (in 1% of cases), Summary motoring offences are not considered in relation to cautions or cautioning rates as these tend to be addressed using Fixed Penalty Notices. For both sexes, the 30 to 39 age range represented the highest number of those prosecuted in 2019. Conviction ratios were higher for summary offences and as a higher proportion of female offences were summary, this in part explains the higher conviction ratio for female offenders. This compared to Black females accounting for 6% of all female prosecutions. Of all ethnic groups, both White female and White male offenders had the highest conviction ratios[footnote 72] for indictable offences at 84% and 85%, respectively, a trend that has remained broadly stable since 2015. , If enforcement officers suspect a household of watching or recording live TV without a valid licence and are not able to contact anyone at the property by letter or by telephone, they visit the household in person. , We were only able to match data on those children who are both in DfE and MoJ datasets so cannot provide analysis specifically for non-offenders with these characteristics. , Data is from Domestic abuse in England and Wales: year ending March 2019. A higher proportion of female defendants were not remanded by police, which may be due in part to the different types of offences for which females and males are prosecuted and hence the risk they are perceived as representing. Monthly statistics on the population in custody of children and young people within secure children's homes (SCHs), secure training centres (STCs) and young offender institutions (YOIs).. A 5-year time series have been presented wherever possible, of whichever length is most appropriate in context. Females reported better conditions and facilities than males regarding: having their own cell, clean clothes, clean sheets, relationships with staff and contacting family and friends. Youth custody report for July 2014 published. In the same period, 16% of court reports prepared were for females, a proportion which has remained consistent in the last five years. This chapter (largely drawing from the Offender Management statistics Quarterly) provides statistics relating to offenders in custody or under supervision in the community, by sex. Dont worry we wont send you spam or share your email address with anyone. Youth custody data for January 2017 published. (Michon, 2021) . However, these data have been extracted from large administrative and survey data systems generated by the courts, police forces and other agencies. In 2019/20, 2.6% of all children were victims of violent crime. To help us improve GOV.UK, wed like to know more about your visit today. In 2019, the proportion of children prosecuted for indictable offences that were females was 10%. A BBC report suggested that in 2011 men accounted for just 8% of the UK's single parents. Figure 1.01: Proportions of males and females throughout the CJS, 2019. Among children, 7.9% of males reported crimes against the person in 2019/20, significantly more than females did (3.7%). In 2019/20, sexual assault towards females within the last year were over 4 times higher than towards males. In contrast to what is seen for police and magistrates courts remand, females consistently had a higher proportion than males to be bailed at the Crown Court. In 2019[footnote 43], the majority of defendants for triable-either-way cases that were sent to the Crown Court were sent on the direction of the magistrate (85%). Young male offenders had a higher proportion with SEN with a statement[footnote 105] overall (17%), compared to young female offenders (7%). Females were typically dealt with for less severe offences at court. The proportion of female children remanded in custody (17%) was lower than male children (48%). Between 2015 and 2019 there was a rise in proportion of defendants electing to be tried at the Crown Court, up 7 percentage points for females and 8 percentage points for males. . Figure 5.10: Proportion of offenders sentenced, by sentencing outcome and sex, 2019, Sentencing outcomes for indictable offences. The difference was greatest amongst those receiving fines, where a greater proportion of young females attained this level (22%) than the young male group (15%). (Bieber, 2020) It normally takes one year to complete a divorce. Well send you a link to a feedback form. Females in contact with the services more often had suspected alcohol misuse, financial needs, were abuse victims and had mental health needs compared to males. Of the cases where the sex of the individual being detained was recorded, 45% were female and 55% were male. The most common offence group[footnote 29] for those engaged with liaison and diversion services was violence against the person, for which a larger proportion of females were being dealt with compared to males (29% compared to 22%). Topics include: Prison Population, Youth Custody, Unsentenced prison remand population, Sentences served in prison (type and length) Receptions and Releases, Her Majestys Inspectorate for Prisons (HMIP) survey[footnote 59], Self-harm in custody, Probation (Community Orders and Suspended Sentence Orders). SEN support replaces school action and school action plus but some pupils remain with these provision types in first year of transition. This was much higher than the proportion of all year 11 pupils who had SEN without a statement (including both offenders and non-offenders) in 2013/14[footnote 108] (13% for young females and 18% for young males) and 2014/15[footnote 109] (10% for both young females and 14% for young males). For more information and statistics on criminal court timeliness please refer to the Criminal Court Statistics (quarterly): January to March 2020 bulletin. Of all females sentenced in 2019, Black female offenders had the highest custody rate[footnote 75] at 23%. The most common sentence for summary benefit fraud offences was a community sentence, received by 45% of females and 58% of males convicted for this offence in 2019. Self-harm in prison custody is defined as any act where a prisoner deliberately harms themselves irrespective of the method, intent or severity of any injury. In the last 5 years, females consistently had a higher proportion of prisoners who self-harmed and a higher number of instances of self-harm per 1,000 prisoners[footnote 66]. This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. Compared to male offenders, a larger proportion of female offenders were prosecuted for summary offences, which may account for this difference. Court judges have seen similar increases to 26% female staff, largely driven by High Court Judge appointments. , The data in this section refers to arrests for notifiable crimes recorded by the police. These figures had also reduced significantly from the previous year (males: 13.8%; females: 7.1%). A fixed period exclusion can involve a part of the school day and it does not have to be for a continuous period. , The detailed results of the survey can be found in the offenders under supervision or in custody tables. Cautions issued[footnote 33][footnote 34] Violent crime was reported by a higher proportion of males (2.1%) than females (1.4%) in 2018/19. There are still more single moms raising children, but it's likely inaccurate that the court is biased toward granting women custody. Father-headed households 400,000 families were headed by lone fathers in 2012, representing 13.5% of all single-parent households in the UK according to the Office for National Statistics. A gender bias argument should not be used by a divorced father unless he has personal experience and can back up that experience with proof. , Source: GCSE and equivalent results in England: 2014 to 2015 (revised) Main national tables: Table 3a: GCSE and equivalent entries and achievements of pupils at the end of key stage 4 by type of school and gender. Of the 34,300 defendants convicted for shoplifting, 9,600 (28%) were female. The summary offences with the highest proportion of females among those convicted in 2019 were[footnote 115]: TV licence evasion females made up 74% of the 114,000 convictions in 2019, up 3 pp from 2015. Among both adult female and male offenders, the reoffending rate was highest for those aged 35 to 39 at 30.4% and 34.4%, respectively. It draws upon published extracts of human resources records for the police (2019/20), Ministry of Justice (MoJ; 2018/19), Crown Prosecution Service (CPS; 2018/19), Her Majestys Prison and Probation Service (HMPPS; 2019/20), magistracy[footnote 119] and judiciary[footnote 120]. Male homicide victims had higher prevalence in all age groups, except those over 65, and 5-15, where females were more often the victim. Figure 6.01: Prison population, by sex, June 2015 to June 2019. Females accounted for 15% of arrests, unchanged since 2015/16. This aligns with the differences in the types of offence males and females were typically prosecuted for, as discussed in Chapter 8: Offence Analysis. In fact, statistics are frequently cited that suggest around 90% of women are awarded custody, but they also fail to show that 60% of men get custody in a contested cases. , This section looks at persons only and excludes those where sex is not stated. Other defendants such as companies and public bodies are also excluded. Source: GCSE and equivalent results in England: 2014 to 2015 (revised) Characteristics national tables: Table CH1: GCSE and equivalent entries and achievements of pupils and the end of key stage 4 by pupil characteristics. Remands at magistrates court followed similar trends to police remands over the last 5 years, with lower proportions of female defendants bailed or remanded in custody. , A young person may be eligible to claim for FSM if they or their family meet certain criteria related to their income and benefits received. Data on PSRs relates to those aged 18 or older and all offence types. The female majority in Magistrates Court staff has continued to increase, also, recorded at 56% in 2020. Child Custody Statistics by Gender Who is most likely to be a custodial parent? In 2019, there were 72,200 first receptions into prison, of which 90% were male and 10% were female. Youth custody report for May 2016 published. In 2019/20, violence against the person and theft offences accounted for the largest proportion of arrests for both males and females. most serious) remand status. In 2017, the national average paid in child support to custodial parents amounted to $3,431 per year. Figure 1.01: Proportions of males and females throughout the CJS, 2019 Victimisation Males maintain higher risk of personal crime than females. Likewise, only slight changes have been seen since 2015 regarding female representation in CPS staff (65% in 2015; 66% in 2019). , National liaison and diversion services offence groups are based on those used by the Home Office and are not directly comparable to those used in Criminal Justice Statistics quarterly: December 2019, which are used throughout the majority of this bulletin. Contrastingly, the HMPPS HQ (and Area Services) has a majority female staff, increasing to 59% in 2020. , Where there were multiple offences on the same occasion, only the primary offence as recorded on the Police National Computer (PNC) would be counted. Over the last 5 years, there have been increases in female representation across almost all CJS organisations and in the proportion of senior staff. Youth custody data for January 2016 published. The representation of females among HMPPS staff (excluding NPS)[footnote 122] has increased over the last five years, from 39% to 42%. It is important to note in the following analysis that there are many young people in the overall pupil population that have the characteristics described and do not go on to offend[footnote 93]. The number of PNDs issued has continued to decline over the last 5 years, falling from 47,400 in 2015 by 58% to 19,800 in 2019. Child custody A campaign to change the law was led by Caroline Norton, whose own marriage to a violent husband had failed. In 2017, the aggregate amount of child support that was expected for receipt was $30 billion; 62% of that amount was actually received, averaging $3,431 per custodial parent. In the 2019/20 HM Inspectorate of Prisons survey, females reported significantly more negative results for questions related to problems on arrival at prison. Youth custody report for August 2016 published. All data refers to this age group throughout the section, unless stated otherwise.
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