cost of cirrus flight training

We are the San Francisco Bay Area's Cirrus Aircraft Platinum Training Partner. You can view the full report on AOPA's . The Cirrus Vision Jet SF50 can cruise at up to 31,000 feet. Moser, Vice President of Fleet & Special Mission Aircraft Sales at Cirrus Different aircraft burn different volumes of fuel per hour. Find a Cirrus Certified Training Partner near you. 480-614-1166 ext. All Rights Reserved. There are many ways to begin your flying journey with Paragon and Cirrus. 512-751-6275 wilson@flyifr.com. The first is liability insurance. Aspen Flying Club's Cirrus transition course is designed to prepare pilots to be current and proficient regarding VFR flight training in Cirrus aircraft. 0. ), and a Flight Instructor. Thanks to its Williams International FJ33-4A-19 engines, the Vision Jet has a total thrust output of 1,900 lbs. Third parties in this case include passengers, cargo and baggage. Again, much like maintenance of the airframe, the more an engine is used, the more wear and tear the engine will experience. Fundamentals of Instruction (FOI) exam is also required for flight instructor initial rating and is approximately $150. If the 75 flight hours holds true, then you will spend about 150 with the instructor. $15,580. OFFICE HOURS: This add-on course is designed to transition an experienced Cirrus pilot to a different airframe/powerplant. Any may be the right one for you depending on your personal situation. Fuel costs are a significant hourly expense when operating a private jet. Category and classes: airplane single and multi engine, rotorcraft helicopter, seaplane single engine. The Transition Course utilizes Cirrus online computer training portal. How much control do you want over the aircraft model? Save valuable time and avoid TSA lines by making the captains seat your new normal for travel. world continue to select Cirrus Aircraft for their training fleets, said David Cirrus offers several different transition courses to help transition you into the Cirrus Life. 65a Aviation Drive This is typically chosen by owners who will be flying private jets into hazardous destinations. It generally costs between $150 and $200 per hour for flight time with an instructor. Dream No More | Become A Pilot. General Aviation is the best way to research and explore new countries and territories. Our students pursue a full range of flight licenses and advanced ratings at our Cirrus schools in San Diego. Cirrus Certified Aircraft Training Paragon Flight is proud to be the premier authorized Cirrus Training Center (CTC) in Southwest Florida. Starting with our roots as a best-of-the-best Cirrus school in San Diego, Cirrus flight training is our first love. Its a philosophy of flying more complex, more advanced avionics and safer airplane. AVIT 448 CFII Certification. Therefore, in the event of a total loss, insurers will pay the agreed value as opposed to the current market value. The course covers the unique operating procedures of the Cirrus aircraft for all flight situations. Fix loophole that increases copay . Education & Training; Airports; . In terms of cost, the Vision Jet has an estimated hourly charter price of $1,900. All Rights Reserved. $396,000.00 Does not include costs for shipping and installation Download Price Sheet PDF Real Perspective+ Hardware & Software (2) GDU-1050A for PFD & MFD System Software Verson 2647.N8 SafeTaxi and FliteCharts Simulated Components Visualization techniques are a powerful learning shortcut. Neuroscientist Dr. Richard Restak found that "Positron-emission tomography, or "PET" scans, reveal that the mental rehearsal of an action activates the pre-frontal areas of the brain responsible for the formulation of the appropriate motor programs.". The Vision Jet can accommodate up to 5 passengers, with a maximum baggage capacity of 25 cubic feet. Every Type of Private Jet - Which One is Best? However, this fee can fluctuate significantly. Therefore, it is hard to given an accurate figure. Atlanta's Premier Flight Training Center. You will learn the same as "usual" pilots but flying "unusual" aircraft which cares more about your safety than any other. The average cost of flying lessons is between $155 and $170 per hour. 246 S Meadow Rd. 1. Before you begin training for your ATP, you need to be at least 18 years old, have your private pilot license and have your instrument-rating endorsement. Fly Safe and go through Cirrus Transition Course before you start flying your first Cirrus. We can help with every step in meeting the FAA testing and flight requirements for your private pilot license. What does it cost to become a PPL in a new Cirrus plane? Personal aviation can transform your life. Naturally, the crew are an essential part to the operation of the aircraft. Aircraft. The cost for a certified flight instructor varies but will generally cost about $45 per hour. Everything You Need to Know About Renting a Private Jet. This is exactly what our course is about. These . This is a place to start for most anyone looking to become a pilot. Below is a breakdown of flight training costs to get your private pilot license. It's a unique skill that enables you to do things most people can only dream of, and it's the perfect way for adventure-seekers and aviation enthusiasts . You can expect to pay between $78 and 171 per hour for airplane rental fees. For more information on Cirrus training, pilot services or aircraft management please contact us: Tel: (508) 591-0889 Vision Jet Type Rating Completed over the course of 10 days, the Vision Jet Type Rating combines technology, simulation, distance learning and professional flight instruction for a truly one-of-a-kind experience. Electronic Stability and Protection system, as well as integrated engine Cirrus Transition Course $2,850 VFR Cirrus Online Course 2 hours of ground training CAPS training 6 hours of flight training Order Advanced Transition Course $3,750 VFR / IFR Cirrus Online Course Advanced Ground School CAPS training 8 hours of flight training 90-day Refresher course / IPC $780 every 90 days and 6 month Cirrus Online Course Monday Friday: With a modern fleet that includes readily available multi-engine, G1000 equipped, and Cirrus and other aircraft, your training aircraft is standing by to take you to the next step of your aviation goals. Schedule a flight at one of our certified training centers near you. In some cases in as little as 7-10 days. Both Aircraft Rental and Consumables are charged by the hour based on the aircraft Hobbs meter. Certified Flight Instructor Cost Per Hour. One of these 6-month checks can be done as an IPC (Instrument Proficiency Check). Many new pilots are happy to trade in their old books for a little extra cash. Typically, an instrument rating will cost about $8,000-$12,000 to obtain over about eight to twelve months if one is flying consistently. Full IFR. We also have an advanced simulator available for use by our Students either with or without an Flight Instructor. Call to schedule. Get free estimates on Lessons.com from trusted Flight Instructors: Get 5 free estimates on Lessons.com from trusted flight instructors: Let us know about your needs so we can bring you the right teachers. And this is cool because your flying skills and your proficiency jumps up to a completely new level. In an accelerated training course, it is also often required that you hve logged 250 hours of flight time, hold a third-class medical certificate from the FAA and have an instrument-rating endorsement. . Flying clubs also help lower the costs of flying. If you haven't heard of the Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association, or "AOPA," then now is the time to look them up. Therefore, it is good practice to factor in additional, unexpected costs per year. Training is focused on fundamental stick-and-rudder skills, normal and abnormal operating procedures, system familiarization, engine management, and avionics management. Cirruss second-to-none training systems and aircraft combined with the award winning team at Paragon will make your training experience memorable for all the right reasons. (e.g. The miscellaneous fixed costs are made up of everything that doesnt fit into the above categories. If your goal is to someday own your own airplane, this may be the best option for you. We have 2 SR22T planes available to rent with or without an instructor. Skills: Air Expedition to Yellowstone / Yosemite. Therefore, ensuring that your crew members are appropriately certified and skilled is of paramount important. Advanced / Cirrus SR22. The TRAC SR20 comes equipped with a Variable costs are those that change depending on the usage of the aircraft. All Rights Reserved. We offer professional training using the best airplane Cirrus SR-20 with Perspective avionics package. However, owners may also wish to consider aviation hull war insurance and crew insurance. How often do you plan to/currently fly by private jet? Inflight uses revolutionary training material along your journey developed by Cirrus Aircraft which will make your tailored flying experience efficient, safe, and most importantly, enjoyable. Therefore, the estimated variable cost for private jets is presented as an hourly figure. Our comprehensive facility offers full scale Cirrus maintenance including AOG emergencies, inspection and repair, modification, avionics upgrades, and engine overhauls. Subscribe to our GSA Blog to be in the know. Enjoy a no-charge chili feed and hot dogs, sponsored by EAA Chapter 965, Aitkin Flyers. Here's a real-life example of the miscellaneous pilot license cost breakdown. Join our mailing list to get the latest news, special offers and invitations to exclusive events. Coast Flight is a Platinum Cirrus Training Center operating in the San Diego area. You can read the full guidelines of restrictions and requirements here. Paragon Flight Training is part of Cirrus global network of Cirrus Training Centers (CTCs) and Cirrus Standardized Instructor Pilots (CSIPs) are experts in Cirrus flight training. available today. Emphasis is placed on the pilot gaining proficiency in all of the areas listed above. How many private jet flights have you taken? Of course, this hourly variable cost is different to that of the estimated hourly charter price. Again, the price of handling fees will vary depending on airport and aircraft size. Of course, the amount of fuel that the aircraft burns per hour will vary greatly depending on its average hourly consumption, measure in Gallons per Hour (GPH). platform, the technologically-advanced TRAC Series boasts an impressive list of "Cirrus leadership brought its accident rate to less than half the industry average". Keeping aircraft type ratings valid and ensuring that crew members maintain their high standards is key. clean and well-maintained training aircraft. Even more importantly, you need to practice flying regularly. And finally, CAPS (Cirrus Airframe Parachute System) is a unique feature available only for Cirrus aircraft (as a basic feature). After you read the instructions for basic flight maneuvers and see them in videos, take some time to sit alone and visualize doing them yourself. It only costs about the same price as one flight lesson to buy your own professional flight-simulator game system to practice at home. This cost range includes airplane rental fees, flight instructor's time, ground training, classroom time, FAA test fees, and other supplies that you may need to complete your minimum requirements. What is the minimum notice before departure that you require? cost-effective TRAC platform designed exclusively for leading flight academies Aircraft Management Cirrus Sales Therefore, the more hours flown, the quicker an engine overhaul will be required. Type in the title of the book you need to search for it on websites like Amazon, CraigsList, or eBay. For your safety, we are also ensuring compliance with CDC social distancing guidelines and we regularly sanitize offices and equipment. Tidal Aviation is a Cirrus Platinum Training Partner whose flight training team are personally trained and evaluated by Cirrus to ensure a factory-level experience. The record performance propelled Cirrus to a global fleet of more than 6,500 SR series aircraft in over 60 countries. Advanced Transition to a Cirrus Designed for instrument-rated pilots new to Cirrus, this expanded 5+ day transition course maximizes the aircrafts utility and provides an emphasis on the IFR environment. Flight simulation also allows you to safely experience and learn from more realistic and complete emergency scenarios. That involves a mix of textbook components, interactive online instruction, 10 hours of simulator practice, and 40 to 50 hours in the airplane. The base model of a first-generation . The Cirrus is the best-selling general aviation aircraft in the world for its ability to provide speed, luxury, safety, and a truly joyful flying experience. Clearly, the more you fly the aircraft, the more fuel it will use. This is without a doubt a world class instructor and I hope I will get to fly with him many more times to continue exploring the multiple features and capabilities offered by this exquisite flying machine that is the Cirrus SR20. For the second year, AOPA Pilot has offered the exclusive report to its members. $335 per hour. Its not so easy to have a habit to think about CAPS as a primary source of your safety. And, in a major engine overhaul, a complete disassembly and inspection of the engine. Schedule a flight at one of our certified training centers near you. Available for rent and flight training. Second and more important, Cirrus is equipped with very high performance, and not easy to use Garmin Perspective package. The exam fees can add up to more than $500. ** Optional Additional material recommended but not required: Ground School Materials***: $199 Ground School***: $300 Miscellaneous Training Items: $500 (Ipad Mini, Foreflight Subscription ect.) When it comes to operating the Cirrus Vision Jet SF50, there are two expense categories to consider fixed costs and variable costs. Mike Goulian Aviation is happy to welcome another 2022 SR22 to our Bedford fleet. We offer training towards Private Pilot Certificate (PPL), Instrument Rating, Commercial Pilot Certificate (CPL) and Cirrus Transition Certificates. Gulfstream G650ER over Bombardier Global 7500). Instructor's Cab, semi-enclosed $13,750.00 Equipped per International Specifications . Owner Services. Jump straight to the total cost table of the Cirrus Vision Jet SF50. Many airlines require you to hold a bachelor's degree and turn 21 years old before you receive your ATP. Basic Member. All training is performed one-on-one with your FAA authorized instructor in our Avidyne Equipped Cirrus SR20 aircraft. 8:00AM 5:00PM (e.g. Moreover, crew are essential to the safe operation of your aircraft. "I paid anywhere from $2.50 to $7 per gallon during my training flights, and I figure the plane costs $1,000 to $1,400 per hour to operate, depending upon what is included." The course focuses on the operational differences unique to the model of aircraft and engine you will be flying. By choosing to fly with a Cirrus Flight Training Center, MN, you are receiving the support and encouragement of one of the strongest and most popular aircraft companies in the world. And finally, handling fees go hand in hand with landing fees. Do not lose the unique chance to stay tuned and maintain high proficiency level. When you walk into a Cirrus Flight Training Center, MN, you will immediately sense the values and principles of Cirrus Aircraft emanating from ourCirrus Training CenterNetwork. Only $195 per hour (wet!). Compare teachers, ask questions, and hire only when ready. Our Vision Center offers the worlds premier pilot training experience for both SR Series aircraft and the Vision Jet, including our brand new full-motion Level D Vision Jet flight simulator. There are typically provided by the FBO (fixed-base operator). The Cirrus' Williams engine burns between 70 and 75 gph of Jet A, and Jolley said fuel prices vary greatly across the country. The integrated Perspective+ flight deck includes two large Self-study is required. Hull insurance policies are agreed on a value basis. Gilford, NH 03249 Select your path below and start training. If you are current but have never flown a Cirrus, the transition course, designed by Cirrus, has excellent structure and can be completed in approximately 10 hours of in flight training with one of our CSIP Instructors. Additionally, note that all values are in USD. Enjoy this trailer and expect the full movie soon! You can apply for almost all of them online. You don't want to confuse yourself by learning outdated material that will confuse you later during exams. At the time of writing, 93 Vision Jet aircraft are currently in active service. The flight lesson is designed to fine-tune aircraft control and standard flight procedures. Prepare to spend 4-6 months with a flight instructor as you learn the basics for confident flying. For example, sourcing and managing pilots to making sure the aircraft is airworthy, are all tasks provided by your aircraft management company. Personally trained and evaluated by our own training specialists, each Cirrus Training Center or Cirrus Standardized Instructor Pilot will provide a factory-level experience designed to get you flying in a Cirrus quickly, efficiently and safely. It could cost more if you need more than the minimum number of hours to complete your training. He looks for a spot for safe landing and pulls the parachute whenever he is ready. CIRRUS AIRCRAFT RENTAL ENCORE FLGIHT SCHOOL SAVE 12% BY SIGNING UP FOR OUR PILOT PACKAGES! Cirrus Airframe Parachute System the most significant safety innovation in over a half-century of general aviation. The Discovery Flight is just what you're looking for. 2020 Paragon Flight, All Rights Reserved, International Recreational Flight Training, Certified Flight Instructor (CFI/CFII/MEI), Rotary Wing to Fixed Wing Transition Training, Aircraft Transition & Differences Training, FAA Airplane Flying Handbook (FAA-H-8033-3C) 2021. When you complete your Private Cirrus Pilot Training at Coast Flight Training, you will be confident in your abilities and ready to advance to your next rating program. programs around the globe that operate fleets of Cirrus aircraft, including Emirates Airline, Lufthansa Aviation It rounds out your piloting skillset and unlocks some privileges that allow you to fully utilize your aircraft's capabilities. If you are interested in learning more about engine overhauls, then read this article. For those who wish to realize the great utility and benefit of personal aviation from day 1, Cirrus and our partners offer flight training programs that integrate learning to fly with your personal and business trips. Additionally, you'll need to pay for insurance and medical coverage according to the requirements of your flight school. VR technology helps flight training institutions save money in various ways. While exact details will vary from policy to policy, cover is generally not provided for the pilot in command or the actual aircraft. The Cirrus FTD is designed to train pilots to fly integrated avionics systems and the Glass panel technically advanced aircraft (TAA) . AIRCRAFT RENTAL RATES WOULD BE REDUCED BY $20/HOUR WITH ALL OUR FLIGHT TRAINING PACKAGES, INCLUDING: PRIVATE PILOT INSTRUMENT RATING COMMERCIAL RATING FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR RATINGS These partnerships have been instrumental in our development of the technologically-advanced, Typical costs for an instrument-flight rules course, or "IFR" classes, are either around $6,000 or $8,000 and up. You can also ask your flight school if they have a program to swap books. Each of those requirements has its own costs. Therefore, the estimated hourly variable rate for operating the Cirrus Vision Jet SF50 is $732. At $65/hr this results in about $9,500 for the instructor time, regardless of aircraft flown. Furthermore, back when deliveries of the Cirrus Vision Jet SF50 began, the list price for a new example was $2.85 million. Such as including loss of licence cover, personal accident cover and travel insurance. 7/1/2020 Comments . Factors such as aircraft size, airport location and service amenities will all impact the cost. $450.00 FLIGHT TRAINING; BOOTCAMPS; RENTAL; PILOT SERVICES; CONTACT US; ABOUT; knowledge = safety . Therefore, you can plan around when the aircraft requires maintenance. . Located in Knoxville, Tennessee, the Vision Center is nestled in the foothills of the Smoky Mountains for the ultimate backdrop for flight training in the air and on the ground. advanced airliners. interactive, tailored flight training content through Cirrus ApproachTM, All options are available from the SR20 to the SR22. Completing flight school and earning your pilots license costs $5,100 to $16,100. That expense number is from the 2016 Conklin and de Decker operating costs for jets and turboprops. What is Fractional Ownership of a Private Jet? which even if available may be at an additional cost. Supplies There are some training materials you will need such as a flight bag, headset, charts, flashlight, etc. Therefore, for most private jet owners a hangar is a preferable option over leaving it outside. In order to ensure that aircraft are safe to fly they require maintenance at regular intervals. Secondly, when landing at an airport, aircraft are charged a landing fee. My cirrus transition training was a pleasurable training experience and I am very happy with the entire experience. With the added power, fuel capacity and speed, your range gets bumped up to over 1,100 nautical miles, allowing you to travel greater distances at a faster pace. ADDRESS: Its recommended taking this course three months following the completion of Cirrus Transition or Differences training. Cirrus Training; Rent an Aircraft; Continue my Education; . Expand your horizons and enter a new world of personal adventure for fun or for business use. major holidays). Additionally, crew fees are highly dependant on the length of stay and the location. We offer flight lessons, private pilot license training, advanced certifications, rentals, and Cirrus aircraft management. You can connect with our team to rent an aircraft, hire a pilot, schedule recurrent training, or schedule Cirrus training. $69.00. * These costs are estimates and each client may learn at a different pace. Now Andrey is assistant chief pilot, owner, and CEO ofSkyEagle Aviation Academy. Cirrus Vision Jet G2+ (SF50) - N777cb. And Cirrus Transition course is exactly about that how to use avionics and autopilot to make your flight safe and smooth. We offer full training programs on our Cirrus fleet. Fly to your business meeting and be back in time to spend time with your loved ones and pursue your hobbies. Flying lessons costs $110 to $125 per hour for the airplane rental and $45 per hour for the flight instructor's time. Avidyne avionic package, autopilot DFC90. for up to 2,400 hours before overhaul, and features a durable all-composite airframe Remember to add up your airplane rental fees, the instructor's hourly rate, the costs of books, educational materials, and testing fees. One of the top flight schools in the nation with the most prestigious flight training standards, Coast is the name the airlines trust to turn out the best pilots. Jump straight to the total cost table of the Cirrus Vision Jet SF50, Read this article to learn more about how much private jet fuel costs, Or read this article to see the different fuel burn figures for all private jets. We conduct transition training for pilots who are already certificated and wish to fly Cirrus SR20 and SR22 aircraft. . Few students take full opportunity of all the ways they can prepare themselves for a flying exam. Fixed costs are those that you pay no matter what. Type ratings: Airbus 320 (PIC) and Learjet 60 (PIC). When it comes to fixed costs, there are six criteria that have been identified as the biggest contributors to the annual cost of operation. No matter how well you plan and budget, there will always be some unexpected costs involved. 2006 Extra 300L - N627CB. Additionally, the Vision Jet has an average hourly fuel burn of 50 Gallons per Hour (GPH). Cirrus Flight Training. Naturally, there are many factors that will influence the annual cost of hangarage. Start flying today! training aircraft, rear seats for additional students or observers and optional Flight training in a Cirrus SR22 to earn your Instrument rating can be done relatively quickly. Plymouth Airport (KPYM) You can do your Private Pilot , Instrument, and Commercial using the state-of-the-art Garmin G1000 Perspective + while enjoying the safety of the CAPS (Cirrus Airframe Parachute System). Local tel:(508) 591-0889, ext. (c) AOPA Air Safety Institute. Ski Plane and Wheels Fly-in. Follow; MAIN OFFICE. Starting in mid-December, this gorgeous Titan Grey aircraft, N100GT, will be available for rental and pilot training. The course covers the unique operating procedures of the Cirrus aircraft for all flight situations. You can do Private Pilot program or Instrument course using amazing aircraft with advanced Garmin avionics. Palo Alto Flight Training Aircraft Rental 1901 Embarcadero Road Suite 99 Palo Alto, CA 94303 . Fly with CalAir. 1. approach to attracting and training future generations of aviators, said Zean One of the main reasons why you'd want to buy a Cirrus SR22, at least versus an SR20, is that you're able to go farther, which is great if you're doing a lot of long-distance flying. Below the table you will find an explanation of each variable. Gone are the days of learning to fly in outdated aircraft. At its core, Cirrus Flight Training is built around 20 four-hour blocks of training. Copyright 2022 Inflight Pilot Training. The best plane ever for beginners. With the TRAC Series, Cirrus Aircraft We track the estimates they get from local teachers, then we share those prices with you. Completion of the course can accomplish the requirements for a flight review. What does a usual pilot do in case of engine failure? It's not just another plane, Cirrus really surprises me with all, from the book to the takeoff, the transition course is truly important, and the course with a CSIP is what makes it worthy! ADDRESS: Take a Discovery Flight with one of our instructors. In simple terms, there are two types of insurance that private jets must have. 2 hour ($650) minimum 24hr charge. Your aircraft management team will typically perform the following tasks: Additionally, your aircraft management team will likely provide many more small activities in order to ensure a smooth operation of the aircraft. Resources. Cirrus Transition Training Syllabus Averages: - 10 hours Cirrus Flight Time (6 hours minimum) - 10 Cross Country Legs (7 legs minimum) - 20 Landings (15 landings minimum) - 8 hours Ground Pre/Post Time (No minimum) Pre-Training Assignments must be completed prior to transition training (Cirrus Training Kits) 7:30AM 6:00PM The national average cost of getting a private pilot license is around $10,000. However, the higher the skill level of the crew, the higher salary they demand. Cirrus SR22T N383AP. Dates: March 18, 2023. We also offer full programs on Cirrus. WEST OFFICE. You can connect it to almost any kind of desktop computer or laptop. Our Students also have access to Bose A20 headsets plus other Training Center benefits including our complimentary snacks, coffee, water and soft drinks anytime you are at the airport. First, VR solutions are highly scalable compared to classic simulators. This 1-2 hour introductory flight allows you to experience the joy of flying an aircraft for the first time. American Flight Schools' Cirrus transition course is designed to prepare pilots to be current and proficient regarding VFR flight training in Cirrus aircraft. modern Lycoming IO-390, 215HP power plant, providing reliability and efficiency The lower price estimate is for schools with flight simulators that only cost about $40 per hour to rent. 8014 E McClain Dr Suite 200 Cost-Effectiveness. You need as much hands-on practice as you can get. Having well trained crew members is important. Cirrus CAP Emergency Parachute System Simulator. . An engine overhaul is a scheduled event that is essentially the maintenance and inspection of the engine. This game can help you become comfortable with reading the instrument panel. It's a Cirrus! Avionics Differences Designed for Cirrus pilots transitioning into new avionics, this 1-2 day course builds upon Cirrus-specific knowledge and focuses on mastering PFD and MFD interpretation, flight management systems, autopilot usage, navigation and more. Begin your journey at one of our certified training centers. Once you are ready to make the jump to aircraft ownership, Paragon will be able to manage your aircraft and potentially place it on their flight line to offset some or all of your operational costs. A Cirrus transition course is a training program designed for pilots who wish to fly Cirrus aircraft. These values are the cost of fuel, maintenance, engine overhaul, crew, landing & handling fees, along with other various costs. Hanscom Field (KBED) Some places only charge you the total time the engine is running, while others may charge you for the entire time the aircraft is in your care. Recurrent Training The best pilots never stop learning. Cirrus Aircraft are known around the world for their high quality standards, impeccable safety record and dedication to giving an amazing customer service experience. These costs do not change in relation to the number of hours the aircraft flies.

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cost of cirrus flight training

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