The indigenous drums of the Cross River region of southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon are distinctive for their "wedge and ring" method of tightening the skin. When you see Ibibio do not give him fire(to warm himself), when he is dry he will kill you, Multiple Deaths at Ndodoghi creek, Ema Atai Ema Atai, Priest-king, lost his sight in death, Joshua Project Efik of Nigeria Ethnic People Profile, Souvenir Programme of the Coronation Service of His Royal Highness Edidem Boco Ene Mkpang Cobham V, Obong of Calabar and Paramount Ruler of the Efiks, Abridgement of the minutes of the evidence, "Souvenir programme of the Coronation of Edidem Boco Ene Mkpang Cobham V", "Cross river as a model for the evolution of Benue-Congo nominal class/concord systems", https://web.archive.org/web/20151222092842/http://sunnewsonline.com/new/pa-effiong-ukpong-aye-1918-2012/, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Efik_people&oldid=1131332439, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters, Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 3 January 2023, at 17:46. [54] The name "Agbisherea" (also known as Egbosherry) appended in the names of the two kings listed by Barbot, was the name of the country, on the coast of which they traded from. [38] The Efik bard Adiaha Etim Anua recites in her 1910 ballad that "Mkpana Ndodoghi Edik. [67] Communities within the Calabar metropolis such as Efut, Kiong and Qua also speak and understand the Efik language. Another account from the Qua claimed that Ekpe (Mgbe) migrated from Cameroon. I'm a queer mom and my daughter has decided to attend an anti-gay Bible college. [52] These atrocities angered the missionaries and European captains alike. [53] Aphrom was a corruption of Ephraim which was an anglicised form of the Efik name Efiom. [13] Throughout the centuries, Efik traders traded with the Portuguese, Dutch, English and French. Goldie describes Eburutu as a country that consists of various ethnic groups. Initiated into ekpe society at 9 as was done in those days and now not even a word is mentioned each time you talk about ekpe in manyu. In the case of the latter, in the heat of the confusion, villagers would be kidnapped and sent to Calabar were they were sold. [33] Abasi was angered by the Uruan woman and cursed the Uruan people who started to punish her for her insubordination. Modern Efik society is a melting pot of people of diverse origin. [44][52] Aye uses Adiaha Etim Anwa's ballad as one of the basis for his hypothesis. [33] When the husband of the Uruan woman learnt of the issue, he wanted to fight the Efik. Papers documenting the research materials and scholarly work of Dr. Ivor L. Miller in cultural studies of the African Diaspora. Body art plays a major role in Ibibio art. Talbot asserts that a great cotton tree had fallen down on many of the Abayen and in their pride of numbers, they believed they could hold the cotton tree. [61] Due to the fall in global demand for slaves and several other factors, the kings and chiefs of Old Calabar wrote to the British requesting that they send teachers and missionaries to Old Calabar to establish industries and introduce the religion of the white man to them. Determine the meaning of the italicized word in each sentence by examining the context. Originally, items such as onions (Oyim mbakara) was rare in Efik meals. These secret societies were used to uphold the legal decisions of the Council of Elders or of the community as a whole, they also ensured conformity in certain rituals and in social behaviour and undertook certain public works for the community (n.d.). [77] The fibre of the leaf-stalk of a palm was made into a thread and woven to make clothes and bags. Only males can join, boys being initiated about the age of puberty. "[20] identity. These missionaries together with King Eyo Honesty II brought several changes to Old Calabar society. Aye, Originally Ekpe Fraternity was for religious purposes, but as the Calabar community became complicated owing to the new wealth which the early trade with Europeans brought it was. [52] The missionaries respected the native law but the European Captains acted rashly and desired that an example be set on Obutong. LEFT Omabe Eze sewing an ukara, Ezillo, southeastern Nigeria. The process of creating this richly symbolic cloth is laborious. Have you ever thought about starting a secret society? cherryblossom wrote on watzinaname's profile. [45] What is most certain is that the Efik arrived Creek Town led by Edidem Eyo Ema Atai together with Oku Atai Atai Ema Atai, Ukpong Atai Atai Ema Atai, Adim Atai Atai Ema Atai, Efiom Ekpo Efiom Ekpo and several others. Simple theme. This exhibition examines the ukara cloth of the Ekpe secret society, a multi-ethnic all-male association in southeastern Nigeria and western Cameroon, exploring both the longstanding cultural practice the cloth represents and the artistic process involved in its creation. "[35] Simmons assertion which was made in his 1958 dissertation is similarly reiterated at the Hart's enquiry in 1964 by chiefs such as Chief Efiom Obo Effanga of Obutong. [49] Several events at Creek town later led to a wave of migration from Creek town to Duke town. I'm still struggling to understand her choice. [79] Ikpaya a royal type of gown also made from raffia. The Oroko (also Bareka/Batekka) are an ethnic group in Cameroon.They belong to the coastal Bantu group, widely known as Sawa, and primarily occupy the Ndian and Meme divisions of the Southwest Region of Cameroon.The people predominantly speak Oroko, English, and Cameroon Pidgin English.The Oroko are related to several ethnic groups (or tribes) in Cameroon's coastal areas, with whom they share . The practice and display of Ekpe masquerade have been modified. Among these missionaries were Rev. It described the religion, social, economic and political structures of the society as progressive and dynamic. Original African systems of recording information in symbols include the Nsibidi script, of the Ekpe society of the Ejagham of Cameroon and Nigeria. . As a child, Sunjata at first looks unpromising because: In one of the most dramatic episodes in the Sunjata Epic, Sunjata first begins to demonstrate his extraordinary abilities when he: avenges an insult to his mother by uprooting a tree and placing it in front of her house. The designs are part of a dynamic language known as nsibidi, which uses image and gestural performance to communicate knowledge guarded by society members. [73] The Efik native cow (English: Ena Efk) was regarded with some amount of reverence and was mainly killed on rare occasions such as the festival for the installation of a new priest king. Enyi laja na lasha b nyeere ha aka idi nsogbu nd baara ha. [41] Latham hypothesizes that the Efik may have arrived before the middle of the seventeenth century. Plenty sugar cane live here and if some man must come for teach book proper, and make all men saby God like white man, and then we go on for same fashion. One of Thompson's pupils, Ivor Miller, has now produced a noteworthy study, concentrating specifically on one particular secret society, Ekpe, of the Cross River region of southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon; its transfiguration on Cuban soil into the Abakua society; and the ensuing effect of Abakua in shaping all aspects of the . There are several theories regarding the origin of the Efik people. Having associated broadly with foreigners in the pre-colonial era and . . The article was a not-so-deep exploration of indigenous African writing systems and languages. Some meals have been mentioned often in the 19th century historical literature of Old Calabar. Although Behrendt and Graham reveal that Calabar had been a major trading port since the first half of the seventeenth century, Efik historians such as Aye assert that the Efik had been trading with the Europeans since the last quarter of the 15th century. expectations of the members to prioritize the group over their own families. The society is somewhat akin to a free mason group and does some unofficial law enforcement. The papers include photographs, audio and video recordings, publications, correspondence and printed material primarily relating to Miller's study of the linguistic, musical and ritual influence of West African kp society (predominantly in Nigeria and Cameroon) on . [45] internal dissensions and population expansion led to the movement of several families from Creek Town to Obutong, Atakpa, Nsidung and Ekoretonko. Sunjata's sister, Kolonkan, angers her younger brother Manding Bori when she: uses her powers to take the internal organs from animals he and his brothers killed, without cutting the animals open. This created a need for Ekpe DC to have a full Ayamba Nkanda (Nkanda Chief). Also i want bomb and shell. Hugh, Goldie. The term "Calabar people" was particularly popular prior to the nineteenth century and was synonymous to the Efik.[6]. The Efik are an ethnic group located primarily in southern Nigeria, and western Cameroon. The Ekpe was vested with the powers of policing and bringing justice to the Efik kingdom. All willing to engage respectfully are welcome. Opinions expressed belong solely to the author and do not represent the views of other Members, Management, or the Community at large. [64] It took several years before the town was rebuilt.[64]. Photo by Jordan Fenton. The Efik speak the Efik language which is a member of the BenueCongo subfamily of the Niger-Congo language group. Sisiku Ojong-Orock was born on Saturday October 2nd, 1948 in Ogomoko Village,Eyumojock Sub-Division, Manyu Division in the Republic of Cameroon, West Africa. Ivor Miller: The voice of the leopard is the main symbol of the Ekpe society of the Cross River region ofNigeria and Cameroon, which was re-created in colonial Cuba as the Abaku society. The Ogboni is a fraternity indigenous to Nigeria, Benin and Togo. This is UKARA cloth used by the Ekpe society in a handful of places in Nigeria, Cameroon The symbols are nisbidi You even scanned the raffia marks left from resist dyeing I hope you won't sue the owners in future! Powered by, Ukara cloth detail, Etara community, Cross River State, Nigeria, Cross River Cultural Heritage: reports from home and from the African Diaspora, Introduction: Spirit Dancers, Water Deities & Mystics in the Cross River Basin and in Cuba, Upcoming film project: Seven year kp ritual cycle, Ntufam Bob Oku literature, music and drawings, Calabar Mgb International Journal / Revista Internacional, Calabar-Cuba Radio with Ene Ita and Ivor Miller, Manyu kp Funeral Rites in Yaounde, 2019, Ivor Miller research archive at Amherst College, Manyu kp procession in Yaound, March 29, 2019, Poster for funeral of Seseku Stephen Tataw (1948-2019), Tortoise shell instrument is played in the funerary procession, kp mask purifies the hearse before the procession begins, Funerary shrine representing the sacred forest of kp, kp members surround the shrine for the final rites. Living in what is now Southeast Nigeria and Southwest Cameroon, the people were physically divided by British and German colonial holdings in Africa. Upon leaving the Cameroon territory, the Ibibio arrived at their present location following two major directions. In part because of their appropriation, exclusive use, and understanding of nsibidi, Ekpe members in the pre-colonial past were thought to have access to the spiritual realm and were, therefore, empowered to make and enforce societal rules and norms. While their political authority is largely diminished today, Ekpe membership is still prestigious and the society continues to be a unifying force among the Ejagham, Igbo, Efik, Ibibio, and other cultural groups in the Cross River region. [72] [59] Ekpe is first mentioned in the historical literature of Old Calabar in the 1770s. Speaking at the ceremony, the head of Ekpe of Afap village, Seseku Daniel Laluh said with Prof Ayuk's commitment in the village, the Ekpe society thought it necessary to confer him the Seseku. Photo by Eli Bentor. [33] Abasi's husband insisted that the problem should be resolved by the chiefs. The ekpo masquerade, occurring to the south and east of Benin, is performed by the warrior age group in ceremonies to purify the village ritually and to maintain health. Prior to the inception of the transatlantic slave trade, the Efik had experienced a series of migration before their arrival along the coasts of Old Calabar. These Ngolo created the Ekpe society and invented the Nsibidi writing system in Usakadet (Isangele). [52] A number of people were hanged, shot and buried with the late chief according to the custom. [40] Residents in Ekpe villages often go to the group to help them seek justice when theyve been wronged. Hope all is well. The Efik (Calabar) caste structure of Ekpe . Prior to Akak, the theory were proposed at the Hart's enquiry by Chief Offiong Abasi Ntiero Effiwatt and Etubom Ededem Ekpenyong Oku.[25][26]. The remains will then be taken to Kepelle Village in Cameroon for burial after that. Efik society consists of various clans which were originally known as "Esien Efik itiaba" (English: Seven clans of Efik) and later known in the 21st century as "Esien Efik Duopeba" (English: Twelve clans of Efik). According to Asuquo, Asibong Eso of Obutong was Old King Robin; Ekpenyong Efa of Adiabo was King John; Ani Eniang Nkot of Mbiabo Ikoneto was Robin King Agbisherea; Oku Ukpong Eton Ani of Mbiabo Ikot Offiong was William King Agbisherea; while Ukorebi Neneng Esien Ndem Ndem of Obomitiat Ikoneto was King Ebrero[55]. kp philosophy is grounded in "Cross River region concepts of community that include the living, the ancestors, and the land itself" [ Ekpe being] "a school for esoteric teachings [ revealing] ideal stages in a person's life [ in their growth to] maturity within their communities [ framing terrestrial experience within the context of the
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