The International Campaign for Human Rights in Iran and Small Media were unable to provide information for this Response. February 2013. There are reports that the Mandean/Ahwaz minority in the South-West of the country are forced to perform military service despite their pacifist religious beliefs and are consequently fleeing the country in large numbers. The validity of CW-1 and CW-2 visas shall not exceed the maximum initial period of admission allowed by DHS (12 months) or the duration of the transition period ending December 31, 2014, whichever is shortest. G-1, G-2, and G-3 visa applicants must submit their applications to either U.S. Embassy Bern or U.S. Embassy Vienna. What used to be a shadow war of covert operations, sabotage, and proxy conflict is turning into a more direct military confrontation between the long-time regional adversaries. He is also a PhD Candidate in International Relations at University of South Florida. A member of the budget committee in the Iranian parliament, Mohammad-Reza Mirtajodini, said the plan only includes the absentees who are living abroad and at least five years have passed from their conscription due date. [Accessed 14 Mar. Men who refuse military service and do not have an exemption are ineligible for government jobs and are furthermore not hired for high-paying jobs. The IHRDC indicates that some exemptions "on account of physical or mental health problems or disabilities" include "schizophrenia, bi-polar disorder, manic-depressive tendencies and other serious mental illnesses" (7 Nov. 2013). This fee is in addition to the nonimmigrant visa application fee (MRV fee). Thus, the military first had to teach the conscripts Persian by instituting extensive literacy training programs. Therefore, all Mexican "TN"s and both Mexican and non-Mexican national "TD"s accompanying or following to join them who are not otherwise exempt from the visa requirement (e.g., the Canadian spouse of a Mexican national "TN") must obtain nonimmigrant visas. Those who due to weak disposition, growth deficiency or suffering from physical or mental illnesses are temporarily not capable of serving for the mandatory period. According to the website of the Iranian Embassy in the UK, the only male child must be over the age of 18 and his father must be over the age of 60; being the sole caretaker of a parent, a minor or ill sibling or ill grandparents or, only children caring for parents; being a man who has demonstrated exceptional scholastic achievement; members of the Basij are exempt from military service, which is a possibility if they are active in the Basij for 5 years or more; those who work in industries vital to the government or military may also be exempt. [Accessed 20 Mar. First, it separated homosexuality from transsexuality and no longer categorized transsexuality as a form of sexual perversion, and transsexuals were thus afforded the right to permanent military exemption. Draft evaders were subject to arrest, trial before a military court, and imprisonment for a maximum of two years after serving the required two years of active duty. ; US 26 Feb. 2014). "M" means multiple times. It is important to inquire about temporary marriages when processing adoption cases from Iran, as posts frequently see children born of temporary marriages. [Accessed on 27 Mar. If the person does not return to Iran, the amount is taken by the authorities. The current list of eligible countries is available on USCIS's website for both H-2A and H-2B visas. The total period of service is twenty-five years, divided as follows: two years of active military service, six years in standby military service for draftees, then eight years in first-stage reserve and nine years in second-stage reserve. IranSource (IFOR 18 Mar. You accept the use of cookies as per our, Scowcroft Center for Strategy and Security, Adrienne Arsht Rockefeller Foundation Resilience Center, Rafik Hariri Center & Middle East programs, A history of continuity in Irans long nuclear program, An escalating Israel-Iran conflict could sink the JCPOA, How Iranian Phantoms pulled off one of the most daring airstrikes in recent memory, Policy on donor acceptance and disclosure. Both versions include a space for notes, death information, and where the registration office records any changes or corrections to the information in the document, such as a legal name change or a correction to the date or place of birth. This Response was prepared after researching publicly accessible information currently available to the Research Directorate within time constraints. The news met with widespread outrage. The undated website of the Iranian Embassy in The Hague states that. "About." This reflected the country-wide illiteracy rate, which stood at 60 percent in 1979. While Iranian law considers them to be legitimate children, issues could arise concerning parental consent. With the 1979 with drawal of foreign military and civilian advisers, particularly from the United States and Pakistan, the operation, maintenance, and logistical functioning of armed forces' equipment was hampered by a critical shortage of skilled manpower. 2014], Press TV. Under Iranian law, a designation as a homosexual or transsexual/transgender is considered to constitute a medical and psychological condition that warrants an exemption from compulsory military service. U.S. "Shamsi to Gregorian Converter." "Iran." The old version presents the spouses information on the top half of two facing pages, with the childrens information on the bottom half of the same pages. They were tasked with randomly picking conscripts. Discrimination and Violence Against Sexual Minorities in Iran. Temporary student exemptions may also be substantiated by a letter from the conscription authority and proof of the students bond payment to exit Iran. In the United States, enlistments for the Union Army totalled 2,672,341 [2,489,836 white, 178,975 African American, and 3,530 Native American troops], while estimates of enlistment strength for the Confederate Army ranges from 750,000 to 1,227,890. A 14 October 2008 article by Agence France-Presse (AFP) reports that, according to the state-run Fars News Agency, General Kamali stated that military service would be reduced by 1 to 2 months, adding "the term was 17 monthsand now it has been cut to 16 months." "Iran Intends to Extend Duration of Military Service - Commander." Registration Criteria: Iranian citizenship, completed application form with photos, and payment of fees. The second is a one-page document issued by the Department of National Registration and Statistics stating that the couple appeared before one of its officials and provided an oath stating that they are a married couple. In July 2009 the Iranian parliament (Majlis) passed a new bill to cut military service in the country by 2 to 10 months for conscripts with university degrees, Iranian Press TV reported on 30 June 2009. Irans Bureau of Affairs Concerning Documents maintains a record of the location, name, number, specimen of signature, and seal of each notary who is expected periodically to advise the Bureau of the number of marriages and divorces that have been registered. According to the US CIA World Factbook, recruitment age for the Law Enforcement Forces is 17 (ibid.). N.d. "IFOR Mission." Treatment of People Who Refuse Military Service. . have valid temporary resident status in Canada. Issuing Authority:National Organization of Registration of Documents and Property (Sazman-e Sabt-e Asnad va Amlak-e Keshvar). There are reports that the Mandean/Ahwaz minority in the South-West of the country are forced to perform military service despite their pacifist religious beliefs and are consequently fleeing the country in large numbers. However the way it works is that you need a valid iranian passport (6 months or more left on the expiration) . The Baij total force had increased to about 600,000 by 2019. According to two sources, the length of service depends on the geographical location of the conscript (IHRDC 7 Nov. 2013; BBC 26 Dec. 2013). Many applicants also submit titles and deeds to apartments and property. With respect to educational exemptions, Chapter 4, Article 33 states that, If the person does not return to Iran, the amount is taken by the authorities. "Medical and Health-related Exemptions." In general males are expected to serve for a period of 20 months and for service in impoverished areas, the duration can last 24 months while service in boundary areas can last 22 months. Corroborating information could not be found among the sources consulted by the Research Directorate within the time constraints of this Response. 2014], Iran. 2014], United States (US). [Accessed 14 Mar. The validity of A-3, G-5, and NATO 7 visas may not exceed the validity of the visa issued to the person who is employing the applicant. [Accessed 25 Mar. (Photo by Morteza Nikoubazl/NurPhoto). Information and instructions are available online at:https://www.sabteahval.ir/enhttps://www.sabteahval.ir/en. However, the non-Canadian national dependent of a Canadian "TN", unless otherwise exempt from the visa requirement, must obtain a "TD" visa before attempting to enter the United States. Now, one of the final issues in the Iran nuclear negotiations in Vienna to revive the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) has been the Iranian demand that the IRGC be taken off the US list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations (FTOs). Registration Criteria:Divorce is permitted on various grounds, including: mental illness; disabilities interfering with conjugal relations; husbands inability or unwillingness to provide financial support; husbands bad behavior; husbands incurable disease constituting risk to the wife; husbands desertion; husbands conviction for a dishonorable crime; husbands infertility or contraction of a sexually transmitted disease; polygamy without consent; and other circumstances where continuation of marriage constitutes proven difficulty or hardship for wife. Comments:The booklet includes the individuals name and surname; place and date of birth; gender; unique ID number; parents names and places of birth; date and place of issuance; and identifying information of the individuals spouses and children. Sina Azodi. After the United States entered the World War, a large Army was needed immediately. Desertion is punishable by two to 12 months' imprisonment in case the deserter surrenders himself to the authorities. Sources report that when an exemption is obtained, the person is issued a military exemption card, which lists the reason for the exemption (Human Rights Watch Dec. 2010, 26; BBC 6 Jan. 2010; IHRDC 7 Nov. 2013). Q-2 (principal) and Q-3 (dependent) visa categories are in existence as a result of the 'Irish Peace Process Cultural and Training Program Act of 1998'. General Musa Kamali, the Vice Commander of the Headquarters for Human Resources of the Iranian Armed Forces, was quoted as saying that "the duration of military service is 18 months in combat and in insecure regions, 19 months in the regions which are deprived of facilities and have bad weather conditions, 21 months in other places, and 24 months in government offices" ( Iranian Students' News Agency (ISNA), 26 December 2013). 2014]. 2014], Human Rights Watch. This effectively barred any Iranian who had served in the IRGCconscript or otherwisefrom entering the United States. [Accessed 20 Mar. The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) had an estimated 125,000 active personnel in 2007. According to a January 2009 study on kidney donor attitudes in the Iranian Journal of Kidney Diseases, some of the donors surveyed had donated a kidney in order "to be exempted from the military service" (36). Although translations tend to be accurate, it is recommended that both the translation and the original card are reviewed. . Iran does not recognize the Bahai'i faith as a minority religion, thus the documentation of such marriages differs from Islamic marriages or marriages of other religious minorities. There is no reciprocity fee for the issuance of a J visa if the alien is a United States Government grantee or a participant in an exchange program sponsored by the United States Government. All rights reserved. The new digital version contains the individual's national ID number (also found on the right-hand side of the passport biodata page) and a bar code. Failing to serve without an exemption can also result in a ban on leaving the country without special permission. In 2019, the US State Department designated the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC) as a terrorist organization, an unprecedented action against the military of a foreign state. Vietnam War: 2/28/61 - 5/7/75 *. 21 December 2014. General Kamali reportedly added that "for those who live outside of the country, the option of paying off military service had been cancelled earlier this year. In addition, the law provides exemptions for those with severe medical conditions or the bread winners of the family. The 1955 U.S.-Iran Treaty of Amity, Economic Relations, and Consular Rights is now terminated. Comments:The national ID card is not accepted in lieu of the Birth Certificate document. Since the Iran-Iraq War ended in 1988, most Iranian conscripts have seen no combat, and their military service is often devoid of actual combat training. By According to the IHRDC, "in general males are expected to serve for a period of 20 months" and "[f]or service in impoverished areas, the duration can last 24 months while service in boundary areas can last 22 months" (7 Nov. 2013). "Denied Identity: Human Rights Abuses Against Iran's LGBT Community." Similarly, Al-Monitor reports that, according to General Kamali, "reduced-time exemptions are still applicable for those who entered military service this Iranian calendar year, which ends March 2014" (19 Dec. 2013). National Organization for Civil Registration: (sabteahval.ir) 19 December 2013. N.d.b. Under the amended law, men of draft age were subject to conscription, whether in war or peace, for a minimum period of two years and could be recalled as needed. I would end up being picked by the IRIAF, but the process was arbitrary. 2014b)]. I waited for two long hours until several officers arrived from the Artesh (regular military), Iranian Ground Forces, Air Force (IRIAF), Law Enforcement Forces (Prisons Branch), and Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps-Navy (IRGC-N). Certificates for marriages and divorces prior to 1921 can be obtained only from ecclesiastical authorities. "Iran's Basij -- Defending Against a 'Velvet Revolution'." 2014], Al Jazeera. As of 2019, the Iranian armed forces number about 525,000 troops, of whom about 250,000 [mostly in the Army] were conscripts. It was commented that young dissatisfied individuals could be perceived as a potential source of unrest by the authorities. The bill was later modified in the 1980s after Iraqi dictator Saddam Husseins invasion of Iran in 1980; it states that its the duty of all Iranians to defend Irans independence and territorial integrity. Human Rights Watch adds that gay and transgender Iranians who are exempted from military service "are not immune from harassment and abuse" and that doctors have reportedly pressured gay men seeking exemption to apply for exemption as transsexuals instead (Dec. 2010, 25). Procedure for Obtaining:Apply at local registration office. "Iranian Youth Studying Abroad Can Apply for Reduced Military Service." Procedure for Obtaining: Iranian nationals over the age of 15 apply for the card at any local branch of the National Organization for Civil Registration in Iran. Further and corroborating information could not be found among the sources consulted by the Research Directorate within the time constraints of this Response. Given the tens of thousands of Iranians whom the IRGC drafted over the years, its likely that many have relatives who are part of the large Iranian diaspora in the United States. You can extend your status for free if you. Issuing Authority Personnel Title: There is no issuing authority personnel title. In 2007 the Basij had about 300,000 personnel, including 40,000 active personnel; they were authorized to carry small arms only. In addition to marriages and divorces having their own documentation, the information should also be recorded in both parties' shenasnameh (birth certificate) documents. Under 8 CFR 214.2, H-2A and H-2B petitions may generally only be approved for nationals of countries that the Secretary of Homeland Security has designated as participating countries. [Accessed 20 Mar. "Iran May Increase Compulsory Military Service by Three Months." "Buying Out of Military Service." Original Iranian Birth Certificate (Shenasname), and photocopies of all the pages of the Birth Certificate(This document must contain an ID photo for those above 15 years of age. . The IFOR Main Representative to the UN stated that, no case has been recorded of anyone claiming exemption from the military authorities on the grounds of conscientious objection, but as conscientious objection is not recognised by the military authorities, conscientious objectors would not be treated as such; no sanctions would explicitly address conscientious objection. Alternate Documents: The National Card presents information which is also contained on the Birth Certificate, but the latter is more comprehensive. 26 February 2014. (A Muhaarib is someone who takes up arms against the Islamic government). 2014], _____. February 28, 2024. In addition, an applicant is eligible for an exemption from the MRV fee if he or she is participating in a State Department, USAID, or other federally funded educational and cultural exchange program (program serial numbers G-1, G-2, G-3 and G-7). Thus far, this regulation is expected to be in effect up to 04/11/1390 [24 January 2012 (Taghvim.com 28 Mar. The conscript military service obligation is 18-24 months. Joint Report from the Danish Immigration Service, the Norwegian Landinfo and Danish Refugee Council's Fact-finding Mission to Tehran, Iran, Ankara, Turkey and London, United Kingdom. Israel, Jerusalem, the West Bank and Gaza. 2014). Visa Classification: The type of nonimmigrant visa you are applying for. "Iran May Cut Mandatory Military Service." These cards will include basic biographical information, such as name and date of birth. The majority of the population, moreover, is under 25 years of age and thus has no personal memory of the Iranian Revolution. The IHRDC indicates that "many young males of military age" attempt to avoid military service through "exemptions or by informal and illegal means through monetary bribes to officials" (7 Nov. 2014). Comments:Iranian men in active military service are generally unable to obtain their passport until completing their service or receiving an exemption to allow their departure from Iran. The paper has watermarks, high printing quality and the photograph for individuals over age 15 is printed directly on the document (whereas the old version has a photo affixed and stamped on the main biodata page). Q-2 and Q-3 visas are available only at the Embassy in Dublin and the Consulate General in Belfast. (Iran n.d.b). Similarly, in a November 2013 article published by the Iran Human Rights Documentation Centre (IHRDC), a Connecticut-based independent non-profit organization composed of scholars and lawyers working to provide a "historical record" of human rights issues in Iran (IHRDC n.d.), military service "begins" at 18 (ibid. The duration of compulsory military service ranges from 18 to 24 months, depending on the geographical location of the conscript service. I am from Iranian descent and I left/ fled Iran about 10 years ago when I was around 20 years old. Iranian medical exemption laws for military service are indications of legal discrimination against homosexual and transsexual people in Iran. Court and prison documents are not required because posts cannot verify them. Individuals who have a handicap or suffer from a certain illness and are thus not in a complete state of health, however yet well capable of carrying out non-combat/military-related services in offices. This Response is not, and does not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim for refugee protection. December 2010. The validity of E-2C visas shall not exceed the maximum initial period of admission allowed by DHS (24 months) or the duration of the transition period ending December 31, 2014, whichever is shortest. Alternate Documents: For mass exemptions, a copy of the exemption announcement and the birth certificate (proof of their condition) can be provided in lieu of exemption card. Lawyers, for example, may work as the equivalent of a US military judge advocate general, investigating crimes committed by service members. This fee is in addition to the nonimmigrant visa application fee (MRV fee). (Regardless of academic documents, or period of absence from service). The first is an ecclesiastical marriage certificate issued by the local spiritual assembly a booklet with the signatures of the couple, the person officiating the ceremony, and nine witnesses. 2014], Islamic Republic News Agency (IRNA). N.d. The BBC reports that, according to Iranian Students' News Agency (ISNA), General Musa Kamali, the Vice Commander of the Headquarters for Human Resources of the Iranian Armed Forces, was quoted as saying that "the duration of military service is 18 months in combat and in insecure regions, 19 months in the regions which are deprived of facilities and have bad weather conditions, 21 months in other places, and 24 months in government offices" ( 26 Dec. 2013). 2014], _____. The death certificate issued by the physician, hospital, or cemetery official; or the presence of two witnesses before the relevant civil registration office. 2014], _____. 14 October 2008. Procedure for Obtaining: There is no procedure for obtaining. Every year about 580,000 men reach conscription age of 18 years for compulsory military service; 16 years of age for volunteers; 17 years of age for Law Enforcement Forces; 15 years of age for Basij Forces (Popular Mobilization Army). Corroborating information could not be found among the sources consulted by the Research Directorate within the time constraints of this Response. [Accessed 25 Mar. Further information about payment in lieu of compulsory military service could not be found among the sources consulted by the Research Directorate within the time constraints of this Response. "M" means multiple times. About 80 percent of army personnel are conscripts, as are 60 percent of the Revolutionary Guards; navy and air force personnel are mainly volunteers. Individuals may volunteer for active duty at age 16. Those seeking relief for medical reasons had to serve but were not sent on combat duty. 2014], Al-Monitor. Few draft dodgers, if any, were sent to jail; the normal procedure was to fine them the equivalent of US$75 (1986 exchange rate). By 2014)]. Management Fax: (+9821)66709333 Two witnesses are required. [Accessed 13 Mar. Sina Azodi and Ali Dadpay. The wife and child would, therefore, be entitled to derivative status and receive the same reciprocity as Mr. Doe, the principal visa holder. However, Al Jazeera indicates that the recruitment age is 19 (Al Jazeera 24 Apr. At that time every male person who had reached 21 years old must serve in the military for 2 years. Refusing to serve in the army without an exemption can result in not being granted a driver's license. They, like less-educated conscripts, are often disciplined for minor infractions. Please contact the consular sections in Bern and Vienna for additional details on the application process. Alireza Fazeli Monfared, 20, was executed after they discovered a letter saying he had been exempted from the military service due to his sexuality, according to 6Rang. It was commented that young dissatisfied individuals could be perceived as a potential source of unrest by the authorities. Draftees were then given paperwork telling them to show up atone of Tehrans bus terminals two days later to be sent to boot camp. The National Card may corroborate information from the Birth Certificate, but the latter is preferred for identity confirmation. Once an individual is deemed exempt, they are issued a military exemption card, which identifies the reasons for their exemption. 4. ): Document Name:Passport of the Islamic Republic of Iran (Gozarnameh-ye Jomhuriye Eslamiye Iran). The World Factbook. I know this rules but since 2019 there is no possibility anymore to buy your military service off ! Types Available (Regular, Diplomatic, Official, etc. [Accessed 25 Mar. 2014], XE. 2014]. By 1986 the country's overall literacy rate was estimated at 50 percent, a dramatic improvement. Also, there is no reciprocity fee for visa issuance to an accompanying or following-to-join spouse or child (J-2) of an exchange visitor grantee or participant. No S visa may be issued without first obtaining the Department's authorization. "Iran." N.d. "About Us." The US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) World Factbook indicates that the military branches in Iran in 2011 consisted of the, Islamic Republic of Iran Regular Forces (Artesh): Ground Forces, Navy, Air Force (IRIAF), Khatemolanbia Air Defense Headquarters; Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (Sepah-e Pasdaran-e Enqelab-e Eslami, IRGC): Ground Resistance Forces, Navy, Aerospace Force, Quds Force (special operations); Law Enforcement Forces. Any views expressed are solely those of the author or publisher and do not necessarily reflect those of UNHCR, the United Nations or its Member States. Document Name:Kart-e Shenasayi-e Melli; or Kart-e Melli (National Card), Issuing Authority:National Organization for Civil Registration. Iran has a compulsory military service requirement for all Iranian men when they reach the age of 19. In the past, the color of exemption cards differed, and those issued based on sexual orientation were red, but today all cards are one color and the number of the section or addendum on which an exemption is based appears on the card. [a]ccording to regulations of Medical Exemption of Military Service, those liable to the duty of service can be generally categorized into 4 main groups in terms of their conditions: Individuals being in a state of complete physical and mental Health and hence entirely capable of being drafted to the mandatory service period. According to the Iranian Islamic Public Military Service Act, these include educational exemptions, medical exemptions and guardianship exemptions. Evidence suggests that those wishing to obtain an exemption on the grounds of their sexuality/gender identity have to undergo numerous humiliating physical and psychological tests and exams and provide intimate information regarding their life. However, in reality, this interest predates the 1979 revolution and reflects a deep-seated desire for national prestige and development, as well as a need to deter regional rivals. Management: (+9821)66707131-9 Danish Refugee Council, LANDINFO, Danish Immigration Service. . 18 March 2014. 2014], British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). [a]ccording to the most recent resolutions, foreign resident draftees who have left the country before the date 29/12/1382 [19 March 2004 (Taghvim.com 28 Mar. Since Canadian nationals generally are exempt from visa requirement, a Canadian "TN' or "TD" alien does not require a visa to enter the United States. The first compulsory military service bill was passed ninety-six years ago, during the reign of Reza Shah Pahlavi. Presently, military service lasts generally 18 months, but there are shorter terms for college graduates. Certified Copies Available: Certified copies are not available. This means a temporary marriage would not disqualify an alien from a K-1 fianc (e) visa and would not be considered a marriage for determining whether an alien meets the definition of child (under 21 and unmarried). N.d.a. The BBC reports that, according to General Kamali, current conscripts and people who will be serving by the end of the year, which is 20 March 2014, will not be affected by the extension of service (26 Dec. 2014). Out of the manpower pool of registrants about 17,000,000 available at that time, over 10,000,000 were drafted [the total number who served was over 16,000,000, as younger men became of draft age].
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