Subscribe now for regular news, updates and priority booking for events.Sign up, All content is available under the Open Government Licence Philip Welchs original indenture, was for 7 years,, amended later to 9 year. It was reported he stayed in Canada and converted to Catholicism. The captains had more reasons for trying to make sure the slaves survived. The case involves a master, Samuel Symonds, who brought charges against his two servants, William Downing and Philip Welch, for failing to complete the term of their service. Once there, you can search for your ancestor by entering as much information as you know. According to the vicar of Wendover, transportation served the purpose of draining the Nation of its offensive Rubbish. Despite these hardships, many people chose this as a way to immigrate to America. The second entry, Matthew Goldsmith, shows that he Transported himself by 1658, meaning that he paid his own passage. Few records of these individuals survive, though legal records from this period may contain useful information. . ( Mc Kendra, Mc kandra, Mac Kandra ), Mac Kane John ( Mc Canne , Mac Kane, Mc Kane), Mac Kane patricke ( Mc kane , Mc Cane ), Mac Kannell Daniel ( Mac Connell, Mc Connell ), Mac Kannell Wm. They sold to James Smith of Oyster River, a tailor, land granted to them at Dover. Maxwell, eventually became a well-to-do taven Keeper. Historians estimate that roughly a third to three-fifths of the male convict population came under the category of 'other larcenies'. The oldest was an 82-year-old woman convicted of perjury, or lying under oath. Convict Colonies. Pointers to a person being a convict may include: the words 'with the permission of the Governor' on a marriage certificate the name of your ancestor in a convict muster the name of a ship and year after the person's name, in a document noted as a convict in a census or other official document, such as Colonial Secretary's Correspondence. by Kenneth Scott (1982) is still protected by copyright, but the index can be searched by typing in a surname. Many references to this form of servitude can be found in the state, county, or local court and contract records. Lissen then welcomed two other Scots into the family. Again he was fined in Maine for selling liquor to Indians and getting them drunk. They were given very little to eat. He was captured at the Battle of Dunbar in 1650 or Worchester in 1651. He then moved to York, Maine, to an area where other Scots had settled. Contents: v. 1. Volume I History of Transportation 1615-1775. 1-2. With that authority Hasslrigge sent forty men to work as indentures servants at the salt works at Shields. He was taken with other prisoners to the American Colonies. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. O n Dec. 12, 1719, a ship named "La Mutine," the Mutinous Woman, left the French port of Le Havre. These colonies of convicts included men, women, minority groups and also some political prisoners. Ships Passenger list for the John and Sara. You can search for over 123 000 of the estimated 160 000 convicts transported to Australia in the 18th and 19th centuries - names, term of years . You can often find: HO 10 contains material about convicts pardons and tickets of leave from New South Wales and Tasmania, 1834-59. People who were transported are labeled as Transported in the database, meaning that they would have had to work off an indenture. After being captured, they were marched from Durham to Newcastle. Remember indentured service was usually temporary, and many people led full, productive lives after the terms of their service ended. He married John Pearce's daughter . In 1615, English courts began to send convicts to the colonies as a way of alleviating England's large . The History of The Town of Durham New Hampshire, Source Historical and genealogical Reg, N.E.H.G. Tech Britain Sent Thousands of Its Convicts to America, Not Just Australia By Matt Novak Published May 29, 2015 Comments ( 136) The joke about Australia is that it was founded by a bunch of. However, by the time the Scots arrived in Boston, they were in poor health. Those who were transported there entered an indenture for an average of 7 years to work off the price of the passage. Heres hoping that you find this to be true for your indentured ancestors. Philip Welch is my ancestor. Across the period, slightly less than half of all migrants were British, 40 percent were Spanish and Portuguese, 6 percent were from Swiss and German states, and 5 percent were French. Then, the servant and the employer would sign the indenture, making it a legally binding contract. Most of the Scots stayed at The Scot Boardman's house in what is now the Oaklandvale area of Saugus. A child, whose parents died en route , regardless of age, would serve until he turned 21, which was the case of a 4 year-old boy. Today is nowhere as near as large and a Historical Site. Slaves commanded a much higher price. Get two full weeks of free access to more than 18 billion genealogy records right now. From 1788-89, the new colony accumulated expenses of over 250,000 pounds,. Their destination was a vaguely described bay in the continent of Australia, newly discovered to Europeans. . John Bean wound up in the Exeter sawmill. For example, the book New York City Court Records, 1684-1760 by Kenneth Scott (1982) is still protected by copyright, but the index can be searched by typing in a surname. Finding out more about a person transported to North America or the West Indies is likely to be difficult, though legal records can be useful. The first 11 ships . Approximately 15 Scots worked there. Although it was in the captains interest to make sure the convicts survived the voyage so they could receive their share of the sale proceeds, the convicts on board ship in many cases were treated worse than slaves. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Middlesex, 1617-1775 -- v. 2. This website was developed to commemorate the 400th anniversary of the founding of Jamestown, Virginia. 1657 he was taxed at Oyster River. This means that there are nearly 5 mill. The proceedings of the case can be read in the Records and Files of the Quarterly Courts of Essex County Massachusetts, Volume II (1912), pp. A small percentage of these ended up in Canada or the other North American colonies. Their history has yet to be written. In 1768 Sarah was sentenced to be transported. Many more records survive from this period but, as few are indexed by name, finding an individual can still be difficult. While there is no single index of the names of people transported to Australia, various lists of names exist, both in published books and among our records. Most of the early convicts sent to Australia were men, but in later years the British . 1788: January 26; eleven ships of the First Fleet under the command of Captain Arthur Philip in his flagship Sirius arrive with a cargo of 736 British convicts, 548 male and 188 female, who are unloaded at the harbor of Port Jackson, Botany Bay in New South Wales, the location where Magwitch of "Great Expectations," served his time. The search results will give you quite a bit of information that you can use to track your ancestor. Although a score of nations in Europe and Latin America transported their criminals to widely scattered penal colonies, such colonies were developed mostly by the English, French, and Russians. or result in whipping. While parallels do exist, indentured servants were not slaves and their plight cannot be compared to that of African slaves in the United States. If the aforementioned online resources have not revealed your indentured servant ancestor, there are other places you can look. The men worked long hours, 12-hour shifts. For others, it was a way to settle debts that they could not pay or as a sentence for criminal behavior even minor offences. In Virginia and the Carolinas she was passed from one plantation house to another as an honoured guest in the guise of Queen Charlottes sister. He was evedently well reguarded by its owner and selectman Nichilas Lissen, as he married Lissen's daughter Hannah after being there only two years. 1. [14] History [ edit] Penal settlements [ edit] New South Wales [ edit] Sometimes converted from slave-trading ships, the 100-plus transport vessels carried up to 300 convicts, in appalling conditions. Find out with Ancestry today. DAVID HAMILTON=== The County of Middlesex, which enclosed the City of London to the north of the Thames River, was one of the smallest in England, having an area of barely 200 square miles, but for centuries it was the most densley populated county in the Kingdom. From the early 1600s until 1776, most transported convicts were sent to British colonies in North America. Only the most difficult convicts were sent to the Tasman Peninsula prison known as Port Arthur. Stars: Ben Cross, Lisa McCune, Sonia Todd, Robert Grubb. One week after the battle, the Council of State, which was England's governing body, decided to turn the problem over to the committee and informed Sir Arthur Hasenlrigge, that he could deposed of as many of the Scots as he felt proper to work in the coal mines. Among the men who were sent to the sawmills of Berwick along with other workers from the Iron Work. Between 1788 and 1868 more than 162,000 convicts were transported to Australia. They planned to sell each man for between 20 and 30 pounds, which would have made them a considerable profit, since they only paid five pounds for each man. He and his wife Rebecca often refused to attend church on the Sabbath. Few colonizing powers, however, can have relied as heavilyi and consistently on the wholesale deportation of their prison population as did England throughout two and a half centuries of imperial expansion. Appendix I: The Transportation Act of 1718. Lookups of specific research books to find their offline locations can be found via ArchiveGrid/WorldCat. Arrested in London, England, for stealing a silk handkerchief worth two shillings, Carman's ancestor was transported to the colonies and sentenced to servitude. Any convicts who were left over after the sale were sold in bulk at a cheap price to dealers who were known as soul-drivers. These include Irishmen who rebelled against Cromwell's army in 1649. How, and with what results in terms of human misery and degradation, were matters of small public interest. Convict servant John Williams used his rudimentary knowledge of military drill as a means of cover to escape capture. Gen. Soc of Boston. For example, in the court case previously mentioned, the defendants did not win their case because the contract between the master and the ships captain was found to be legal, even though the two young men had been forced into service. Assorted records of criminals, convicts and prisoners can be searched on on Findmypast.co.uk (), though many do not relate to criminal transportation. The transportation agents performed a useful service. Mack Farson Rob't ( Mc Fearson , Mc Phearson), Mac Forsen John ( Mc Forsen, Mc Phearson), Mackhane Rob't ( McHaine,Ma hane, Mc Hane), Mack Hatherne patricke ( Mc Catherty, Mc Catherine), Mack Hele Alester ( Mc Kaeil, Mc Kail, Mc Hael, Mic Hael), Mackhell James ( Mc Heil, McKail, McHael , MicHael), Machellin Dan ( Mc kellen, Mac kellen ), Mac Kannell Wm ( Mac Connell, Mc connell), Mackhene Alester ( Mc Kenny, Mac Kenney), Mackholme John ( Mcholm, Macholm. Still can't find what you're looking for? Here are three free online resources to explore. On June 23, 1759, at the age of 83, his wife gave her deposition. The Untold Lives of British Convicts Sold to America, The world's largest online family history resource - Start now, U. S. and Canada, Passenger and Immigration Lists Index,1500s-1900s, All, Gloucestershire, England, Prison Records,1728-1914, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Runaway Servants, Convicts, and Apprentices, 1728-1796, 6 Unusual Last Names You Wont Believe Exist, The Experience of an Ancestral Home Visit, Discovering African American Heroes in My Family Tree. Of these, about 7,000 arrived in 1833 alone. The 1755 Census of Maryland reveals the distribution of transported convicts across the colony. He completed his indenture with no more incidents. In 1651, William Tingle hired four men for a period of three years, for which the company deducted 6 pence from every load of charcoal that Tingle produced. Shelter is thought to be provided only for the sick. He was captured at The Battle of Worchester. This free, searchable database was compiled from two texts, Supplement to the Early Settlers of Maryland. While the plantation owners and ironmasters of Maryland and Virginia welcomed the influx of cheap labour, other Americans were less enthusiastic. You can find the entire family history of Duncan Stewart in Sprague Journal Maine History. 62 went to John Giffard, the agent for the Undertakers of The Iron Works of Lynn (Saugus). The National Archives holds records of many criminal trials and convictions as well as convict voyages, censuses and pardons and this guide explains how these are indexed and how they can be searched. 1671 he had a grant of upland, at York Bridge. Davar Ardalan, NPR News Slaves were more attractive to potential buyers than convicts. Sentences of transportation were still passed, with convicts held in prison while the government considered alternative destinations. These cookies do not store any personal information. This memoir eventually became so popular that it kept being printed for over a century, into the late 1700s. Davar Ardalan, NPR News On May 13, 1787, a group of over 1,400 people in 11 ships set sail from Portsmouth, England. Each entry included in this database has different amounts of information, but this example shows how much information can be found. In was in court again for stricking and abusing fellow Dunbar Scosman, Alexander Mackanur, who was lame and in poor health. To access the database, go to Virtual Jamestown and search for indentured servants. Besides being uncomfortable and inconvenient, the trip was very expensive. Mac Tentha ), MackTomas Glester ( Mac Thomas , Mac Thomas ), Mack Williams Gellust ( Mc Williams , Williams ), Monrow Hugh ( 'Monroe, Munroe, Munrow}, Monrow John ( Monroe, Munroe, Munrow ), ' Monrow Robe't ( Monroe, Munroe, Munrow ). The Transportation Act resulted in more than 52,000 convicts being forcibly transported to America and the West Indies. We use cookies to bring you the best experience, record visits, serve ads, provide signup forms and deliver other essential functions. Indentured service was a sort of work your way to America program for people who couldnt otherwise afford the expense. Ages varied wildly; one girl was aged nine and four boys were 10 years old. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Compiled from the British Home Office (HO) records. Here they were allowed daily rations of a pound of bread and a half a pound of cheese. Grey paid his wife's fine " for breach of sabbath and for stricking of Patience Everinton". Read more about how to use the DPLA for genealogy here. Discovery is a catalogue of archival records across the UK and beyond, from which you can search 32 million records. Federal inmates incarcerated from 1982 to the present are listed in this searchable database. David Hinds and George Dormon were expected by their owner to attempt to pass as soldiers in order to successfully escape the bonds of servitude. The ancestry proposed for David Hamilton, here treated, relies upon the pedigree published on the Phillips Family website. ], they lived in Oyster River. Puritan minister John Cotton wrote in his letter to Oliver Cromwell, "The Scots, whom God delivered into your hands at Dunbarre, and whereof sundry were sent hither, we have been desirous (as we could) John Paul (abt. Three days later, Hasseltigge was directed to deliver 150 prisoners to New England, with conditions that these men were well and sound and free of wounds because Hasslrigge, was concerned that these men were all infected, They were sent to London by water. Note: Duncan Stewart was born in the highlands of Scotland about 1623. v3.0, except where otherwise stated, Assorted records of criminals, convicts and prisoners, The Complete Book of Emigrants in Bondage 1614-1775, Friends of The National Then, click on the search result titled Virtual Jamestown Indentured Servants. This link will take you to the search engine for the database. Could your ancestors have been some of the many sent from Britain as convicts to start anew on the shores of the Atlantic? His widow married another Scotchman, Micuim Mc Intyre. They were then released back onto the streets to commit more crimes. transported to America between 1718 and 1775, the records for such convicts are sadly largely no longer extant). The gender ratio for males to females was 2:1. The number of convicts transported to North America is not verified although it has been estimated to be 50,000 by John Dunmore Lang and 120,000 by Thomas Keneally.