A series of marriages to heiresses by members of the Leveson-Gower family made the Dukes of Sutherland one of the richest landowning families in the United Kingdom. It is home to the Duke of Sutherland. [4](p71) Other ideas were tanning, flax, salt and brick manufacturing. [2]:168-172, Further clearances were scheduled in Strathnaver starting at Whitsun, 1814. Their second, Francis, had succeeded to his wife's … In 1914 he decided on the outbreak of the First World War that it was unwise to have so much of his riches tied up in land and property. He added an additional nine holes on the existing nine-hole golf course, designed by the noted golf course architect, Harry Colt, which later became the Lilleshall Hall Golf Club. Like many others before him, Herbert Ford believed that Lilleshall House might make money for him. The England team trained for two weeks at Lilleshall prior to their success in the World Cup of 1966. [2]:181 As was normal practice, the roof timbers of cleared houses were destroyed to prevent re-occupation after the eviction party had left. These were complicated by Sellar having successfully bid for the lease of one of the new sheep farms on land that it was now his responsibility, as factor, to clear. Duke of Sutherland is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom which was created by William IV in 1833 for George Leveson-Gower, 2nd Marquess of Stafford. This isn’t an architectural look at country houses; there are sites out there much better qualified to do so. There was no resistance in 1819, but Suther, despite precise instructions to the contrary, used fire to destroy cleared houses. In 1839 he also succeeded his mother in the ancient Scottish titles of Earl of Sutherland and Lord Strathnaver. Mertoun House is a country house situated by the River Tweed, 2 miles (3 kilometres) east of St Boswells in the Scottish Borders. When members of the Leveson-Gower family held the dukedom of Sutherland, the arms were: Quarterly, Gules a Cross Flory Sable (Gower), Azure three Laurel Leaves Or (Leveson); Gules three Mullets Or on a Bordure of the second a Double Tressure flory counterflory of the first (Sutherland); Crest: A Wolf passant Argent collared and lined Or; Supporters: a Wolf Argent plain collared and Line reflexed over the back Or. This was part of the Scottish Agricultural Revolution. [2]:48, The future 1st Duke became the proprietor of the Sutherland Estate (which comprised much of the county of Sutherland) on his marriage to Lady Elizabeth Sutherland, the Countess of Sutherland, in 1785. The identity of the 1917 purchaser was shrouded in mystery. Accounts vary, but it is possible that his elderly and bedridden mother-in-law was still in the house when it was set on fire. Said to be the last castle built in Scotland, the former home of the scandalous Duchess of Sutherland comes complete with a six-acre loch and could be yours for £1.5 million. In total, the Duke of Sutherland raised over £300,000 for the sale of the estate. He then decided he wanted to live closer to London, and sold the whole package in 1917 to Sir John Lee. However, by this time, the house was surplus to requirement. The building opened with the station, the architect was William Fowler.The building has a unique design, presumably with the Duke of Sutherland^s patronage in mind. About 1,150 acres of land were purchased by the Board of Agriculture for the purpose of a farm colony for soldiers and sailors. See houses and flats from the top agents in Sutherland and get contact details for enquiries [2]:166 New industries were added to the plans, to employ the resettled population. The second in line is Lord Henry Alexander Egerton (b. The Hon. John Leveson-Gower (1740–1792), sixth son of the first Earl, was an Admiral in the Royal Navy. Ultimately, that year's clearances passed without serious protest. Lilleshall and the Sutherland family are no longer connected, except as a memory. This is a single platform station which retains its station building, ^B^ listed, which is now a house after spending several years derelict and at risk. The Mannie, as it’s known locally, has long been one of Scotland’s most controversial statues, and attempts, some legal and some not quite-so-legal, have been made over the years to see … He married Elizabeth Sutherland, 19th Countess of Sutherland. Francis William George Egerton, second son of the third Earl of Ellesmere. The Duchess of Sutherland's breathtaking Scottish castle needs a new owner. [2]:183 Whatever the facts of the matter, Sellar was charged with culpable homicide and arson, in respect of this incident and others during this clearance. They provided an extra level of ambition for the estate. This was assisted by landlords in surrounding districts taking in some of those displaced and an organised party emigrating to Canada. It is interesting to note that after Culloden the Duke of Cumberland and the Duke of Newcastle gave serious consideration to clearing and removing the inhabitants of the Highland glens to the colonies, but this was thought to be unmanageable and unrealistic and the easier option burning their homes, destroying their crops and driving away or killing their cattle was taken. Carbisdale also conceals the scandal of the House of Sutherland. The House went to auction in 1918, but failed to sell. The process did not start well. The remaining delay was that many leases did not expire until 1807 or later, but plans were put together for the interior of the estate to be devoted to large sheep farms, with new settlements to be built for the displaced inhabitants. [2]:178 There was some confusion among the tenants as Sellar made concessions to some of them, allowing them to stay in their properties a little longer. The changes on the Sutherland estate were motivated by two major objectives. Browse a range of property to buy in Sutherland with Primelocation. [2]:162 A tentative start was made to this with the letting of the first big sheep farm at Lairg in 1807, involving the removal of about 300 people. Sir William married Lady Jane (d. 1696), daughter of John Granville, 1st Earl of Bath and sister of Grace Carteret, 1st Countess Granville (see Earl Granville). This title was in the Baronetage of England. By Joshua Hendren. [b][3]:xvi-xxi Young had a proven track record of agricultural improvement in Moray and Sellar was a lawyer educated at the University of Edinburgh; both were fully versed in the modern ideas of Adam Smith. John Sutherland Egerton, sixth Duke of Sutherland, who has died at 85, was a very retiring man. Stratfield Saye House, Hampshire Formerly a manor house, it was enlarged in the 17th century , purchased by the nation and gifted to the duke of Wellington in 1817. The emphasis isn’t necessarily on the famous country houses, but on those that might have quietly faded into obscurity. Baptist Leveson-Gower, fourth son of the first Baron, was also Member of Parliament for Newcastle-under-Lyme. The first Duchess of Sutherland was known by several different names as she acquired titles throughout her life. Loch gave emphatic instructions intended to avoid another public relations disaster: rent arrears could be excused for those who co-operated, time was to be taken and rents for the new crofts were to be set as low as possible. In 1949 he sold house and 10 acres for £30,000 to the Central Council of Physical Recreation who wanted to build a National Recreation Centre for the north of England. Whether he intended to live here or not is a matter of speculation, or perhaps he sensed a quick profit on his investment. In total, the Duke of Sutherland raised over £300,000 for the sale of the estate. [2]:167, The next clearances were in Assynt in 1812, under the direction of Sellar, establishing large sheep farms and resettling the old tenants on the coast. From the time they were constructed to the present day. James Loch, the Stafford estate commissioner was now taking a greater interest in the Northern part of his employer's holdings; he thought Young's financial management was incompetent, and Sellar's actions among the people deeply concerning. Sir John Leigh is the owner of the Duke of Sutherland’s Shropshire property, and so another ‘stately home of England’ has changed hands. William Gower, youngest son of Sir William the fourth Baronet, was Member of Parliament for Ludlow. (Robert Mackid became a ruined man and had to leave the county, providing Sellar with a grovelling letter of apology and confession. Jahrhundert war When war ended, Lilleshall House faced a precarious future. Loch was adamant that the removals would go ahead regardless of objections. 1977), younger son of the 7th Duke, who has three daughters. The Hon. Fortunately, throughout this time, she was often referred to simply as Lady Sutherland. During the 1960s, Lilleshall’s connection with Association Football brought the centre to the attention of the nation. Between 1965 and 1972, the house became a boarding school for boys, taking on forty boys and five teachers in its first year. His son and grandson, John Leveson-Gower, 1st Earl Gower, and Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Marquess of Stafford, progressed further up the ranks of the English peerage. Later she was the Marchioness of Stafford (from her husband's title) and became the Duchess-Countess of Sutherland when her husband became Duke. The sale was made possible by the ‘Aid to Britain’ scheme, sponsored by South Africa, a financial gift to Clement Attlee’s government. The house had fallen into decline and the cost of repair was far greater than Herbert Ford could manage. This altered policy on emigration: if tenants wanted to emigrate, the estate would not object, but there was still no active encouragement. Lord Stafford was succeeded by his eldest son from his second marriage, George. In 1818 a large (perhaps the largest) clearance program was put into effect, lasting until 1820. He even increased attendance by advertising that the German airship Hindenburg would fly over the estate even when its route was nowhere near; he explained that the lack of an airship was due to bad weather in a self-sent telegram. The next two years had much bigger clearances: 425 families (about 2,000 people) in 1819 and 522 families in 1820. The family seat was originally Lilleshall Hall and later, grander, family seats included Trentham Hall, Dunrobin Castle, and Cliveden. The centre passed to the Sports Council in 1974 and many different sports established Lilleshall as their own national and regional coaching centre. [2]:157 Historical opinion differs on the relevance and severity of famine years, but most do not dispute that the Highland region remained the only part of mainland Britain that was affected in this way at this time. They originated from Alexander Sutherland, who, with his brother John Sutherland of Sciberscross,[c] were opponents of clearance. The first of the family to be ennobled, in 1703, was John Leveson-Gower, 1st Baron Gower. The first was to increase the rental income from the estate: sh… However, it was not played on for 20 years owing to a rent dispute with farmers that resulted in cattle on the course. His father had started to sell his Shropshire lands in 1912 – £281,000 worth of them. Key elements of the Duke of Sutherland's Site Complex's agricultural structures include: - light frame structures clad in cedar shingles, beveled board and drop siding covered with cedar shingle roofs; - the gabled hip roof barn/motor garage and pump house with hip roof and flared eaves, both having distinctive drop siding and cedar shingles; - the gabled hip roof of the Delco generator building and outhouse. His son, the second Baron, served three times as Lord Privy Seal. Instead we look at the people who built them, who lived varied and interesting lives and what happened to their properties afterwards. More positively, cattle prices were high in 1818. A coal mine was sunk at Brora, and fishing villages were built to exploit the herring shoals off the coast. (Overall, this clearance was part of the removal of 430 families from Strathnaver and Brora in 1814 – an estimated 2,000 people. He was rumoured at the time to be worth £14 million. The old lady died six days later. The whole process was a severe shock to Lady Sutherland and her advisers, who were, in the words of historian Eric Richards, "genuinely astonished at this response to plans which they regarded as wise and benevolent". There were even motor-cycle races in the grounds. Sir Henry 'Shrimp' Leveson-Gower H. D. G. Leveson Gower, Leveson Gower was born in Titsey Place near Oxted in Surrey, the seventh of twelve sons of Granville William Gresham Leveson-Gower JP DL FSA, by his wife The Hon Sophia Leveson Gower LJStJ (née Leigh). The early 18th-century house is an A listed building, and was designed by Sir William Bruce. An existing mid-18th century mansion at Lilleshall was considered too small, but it was not until the 1820s that George Granville Leveson-Gower instructed the architect Sir Jeffry Wyatville to start work on the present house. If the dukedom were to become extinct, the marquessate of Stafford would pass to the Earl Granville, heir of the younger son of the first Marquess. Im 19. und frühen 20. This site provides an insight into their glory days and how changes in society affected them. He’d acquired his wealth from the industry of the Ironbridge Gorge and from a wealthy wife, who was a member of the Lea and Perrins family, famous for their Worcestershire Sauce. His son from his third marriage to Lady Susanna Stewart, Lord Granville Leveson-Gore, was created Earl Granville in 1833, a revival of the title created for his great-great-aunt in 1715. Elizabeth also inherited most of her uncle's wealth, but the dukedom and other titles could only be passed on to male heirs, and they were inherited by his third cousin once removed, John Sutherland Egerton, 5th Earl of Ellesmere, who became the 6th Duke of Sutherland as well. This process involved much argument from Sellar, with Lady Sutherland considering seeking his resignation before he had even completed a year in the position. The marquessate of Stafford, the earldom of Gower and the viscountcy of Trentham are in the Peerage of Great Britain, the dukedom, the earldom of Ellesmere and the viscountcy of Brackley in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, and the barony of Gower in the Peerage of England. Some tenants were considering moving off the estate, either to Caithness or emigrating to America or the Cape of Good Hope, which Suther encouraged by writing off their rent arrears. The Hon. The Duke of Sutherland The infamous Highland Clearances took place in Scotland between 1811 and 1820. FOR the last 180 years, the Duke of Sutherland’s likeness had stood on the top of Ben Bhraggie, looking down over the lands where, in his name, thousands of Highlanders were evicted from their homes. The title remained in the Leveson-Gower family until the death of the 5th Duke of Sutherland in 1963, when it passed to the 5th Earl of Ellesmere from the Egerton family. Our country houses have a story to tell. The Football Association’s School of Excellence was established at Lilleshall in 1984 and closed in the summer of 1999. John Sutherland Egerton, sixth Duke of Sutherland, Scottish landowner who held one of largest private collections of old master paintings in the world, dies at age 85; photo (M) Picture: Wiki Commons. ‘People are not dead, they are just invisible.’, Follow HOUSE AND HERITAGE on WordPress.com, THE 1970’S: THE FUTURE OF ENGLAND’S COUNTRY HOUSES. This view shows a substantially altered house compared to the print of Trentham Hall in Plot’s History of Staffordshire (1686).. These were soon carried in larger newspapers. Niall James Leveson-Gower (born 1963), Henry Boscawen Boddington Leveson-Gower (born 1962), Reuben Boddington Leveson-Gower (born 1993), Anthony Gresham Leveson-Gower (1934-2003), Robert Alastair Leveson-Gower (born 1946), Charles William Gresham Leveson-Gower (born 1959), This page was last edited on 26 February 2021, at 15:18. The second was to remove the population from the recurrent risks of famine. He had made his money in the Lancashire cotton industry and was made a baronet in 1918. But in 1813, planned clearances in the Strath of Kildonan were accompanied by riots: an angry mob drove prospective sheep farmers out of the valley when they came to view the land, and a situation of confrontation existed for more than six weeks, with Sellar failing to successfully negotiate with the protesters. [1] Between 1839 and 1963 the Dukes also held the titles of Lord Strathnaver and Earl of Sutherland, both in the Peerage of Scotland. In the 19th and early 20th century the family's London residence was Stafford House, which was rated as the most valuable private residence in London. In 2000, Sutherland succeeded his first cousin once-removed as Duke of Sutherland and Earl of Ellesmere. Sutherland is the son of Cyril Reginald Egerton, the grandson of Francis Egerton, 3rd Earl of Ellesmere.His mother was Mary, daughter of Sir Ronald Campbell. During his father’s tenure there were several properties, including Stafford House at St. James’s, Trentham Hall in Staffordshire, Tittenson Chase, Stoke-on-Trent, Dunrobin Castle and the House of Tongue in Sutherland. These days we know it better as Lilleshall Hall, a famous name in English sport. One hundred years ago, a notice appeared for the sale of Lilleshall House in Shropshire. This allowed the vacated land to be used for extensive sheep farming, replacing the mixed farming carried out by the previous occupants. In 1914, a year after George Granville Sutherland-Leveson-Gower (1888 -1963), 5th Duke of Sutherland, had succeeded to the title, he decided to break up his estates. As the trial approached, the Sutherland estate was reluctant to assist Sellar in his defence, distancing themselves from their employee. George Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Duke of Sutherland KG, PC (9 January 175819 July 1833), known as Viscount Trentham from 1758 to 1786, as Earl Gower from 1786 to 1803 and as The Marquess of Stafford from 1803 to 1833, was an English politician, diplomat, landowner and patron of the arts from the Leveson-Gower family. Richard Leveson-Gower, fourth son of the first Earl, was Member of Parliament for Lichfield. About 1,150 acres of land were purchased by the Board of Agriculture for the purpose of a farm colony for soldiers and sailors. [2]:170 He was acquitted of all charges at his trial in 1816. The pleasure gardens closed at the outbreak of World War Two and the house and parkland were occupied by the Cheltenham Ladies’ College and later Dr Barnardo’s, who used the facilities as an orphanage. The 3rd Duke of Sutherland died, aged sixty-three, at Dunrobin Castle, and was buried on 29 September 1892 at Trentham in Staffordshire. The estate were hugely relieved, taking this as a justification of their clearance activity. The charges were brought by Robert Mackid. Through 1816 and 1817, famine conditions affected most of the inland areas and the estate had to provide relief to those who were destitute. The 2nd Duke of Sutherland is best-known for burning the homes of thousands of peasant farmers to clear his neighboring region to create more grazing pasture for his sheep. There was some ambiguity over the precise roles of these two men. There are no better specimens of Elizabethan architecture in the country than Lilleshall, where King Edward was a frequent guest when the beautiful wife of the late Duke was one of the hostesses for invitations to whose entertainments Society itself was not ashamed to scramble. His eldest surviving son from his first marriage, Granville, the second Earl, was also a prominent politician. William Leveson-Gower, second son of John, first Baron Gower and grandson of the fourth Baronet, was Member of Parliament for Stafford. The territorial designation after his name denotes that the Sutherland brothers were members of the, Debrett's Peerage, 1968, p.1077, Duke of Sutherland, Debretts Peerage 2019 Edition & Obituary Notice 22 April 2017, George Leveson-Gower, 2nd Marquess of Stafford, George Leveson-Gower, 1st Duke of Sutherland, Elizabeth Sutherland, 19th Countess of Sutherland, George Leveson-Gower, the future 1st Duke, Frederick Neville Sutherland Leveson-Gower, Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Marquess of Stafford, George Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Duke of Sutherland, George Granville Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, 2nd Duke of Sutherland, George Granville Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, 3rd Duke of Sutherland, Cromartie Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, 4th Duke of Sutherland, George Granville Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, 5th Duke of Sutherland, John Sutherland Egerton, 6th Duke of Sutherland, Francis Ronald Egerton, 7th Duke of Sutherland, Francis Charles Granville Egerton, 3rd Earl of Ellesmere, George Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, 2nd Duke of Sutherland, George Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, 3rd Duke of Sutherland, George Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, 5th Duke of Sutherland, John Egerton, 6th Duke of Sutherland, 7th Marquess of Stafford, 5th Earl of Ellesmere, Francis Egerton, 7th Duke of Sutherland, 8th Marquess of Stafford, 6th Earl of Ellesmere, Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Earl Granville, Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville, Granville Leveson-Gower, 3rd Earl Granville, William Leveson-Gower, 4th Earl Granville. (Birmingham 1830). During this time, the Duke of Sutherland … He sold the family's Staffordshire estate except Lilleshall Hall and 50 acres (20 ha) of gardens. [5]:197 Eric Richards suggests that the old woman was carried to an outbuilding before the house was destroyed. The (effective) dismissal of Sellar placed him in the role of scapegoat, thereby preventing a proper critical analysis of the estate's policies. Despite the conventions of the day, Lady Sutherland[a] retained control of the management of the estate, rather than passing this responsibility to her husband. Sutherland Combination, Sutherland [Bibliography] Sutherland Parish Houses. Sir Thomas Gower was created a baronet, of Sittenham in the County of York, by James I of England in 1620. Sutherland was educated at Eton and Royal Agricultural College, Cirencester (Gloucestershire).. Career. Duke Of York Room arudd 2018-12-04T10:07:26+00:00 Named after the Duke of York (later James II), this room was the Dukes’ bedroom over a ten year period when he was high admiral of the English Navy during the Anglo Dutch war (1665-1674), The fact that royalty stayed here is demonstrated by the fabulous pargetted plasterwork ceiling that exists to this day. Ultimately, the army was called out and the estate made concessions such as paying very favourable prices for the cattle of those being cleared. The Duke is also a Baronet, of Sittenham in the County of York, a title created in the Baronetage of England in 1620. One of the earliest poor-relief institutions in Sutherland was that in the parish of Kildonan, said to be operating by the 1820s.The establishment, located at the north of Helmsdale, comprised a terrace of six pauper cottages or almshouses known as "The Barracks". Thomas Leveson-Gower, third son of the first Baron, was Member of Parliament for Newcastle-under-Lyme. Family. [2]:180) Sellar had also made an enemy of the local law officer, Robert Mackid, by catching him poaching on the Sutherland's land. The monument is made up of a 76 foot high pedestal, and a 24 foot high statue of the Duke of Sutherland. )[citation needed], Despite the acquittal, this event, and Sellar's role in it, was fixed in the popular view of the Sutherland Clearances. The Hon. In 1846 he was created Viscount Brackley and Earl of Ellesmere. He also died childless and was succeeded by his first cousin once removed, Francis Ronald Egerton, the seventh and present duke, a grandson of the Hon. This shifted to Young having the role of commissioner and Sellar being factor, so placing Young in overall control. On the death of his uncle the 3rd Duke of Bridgewater in 1803, the 1st Duke of Sutherland inherited the Bridgewater estates in Northamptonshire and Lancashire, together with the canal property and Bridgewater House (London), with remainder to his second son Francis Leveson-Gower, who was created Earl of Ellesmere in 1846 (see Egerton, Earls of Ellesmere). The Duke was succeeded by his eldest son and namesake George, the second Duke. Lord Ronald Gower, youngest son of the second Duke, was a politician, sculptor and writer. In 1846 he was created Viscount Brackley and Earl of Ellesmere. The Duke was childless; on his death in 1963, the line of the eldest son of the first Duke failed. [4]:215-217[2]:189, Lady Sutherland's displeasure with events was added to by critical reports in a minor London newspaper, the Military Register, from April 1815. This was part of the Scottish Agricultural Revolution. Leveson Gower became an England Test selector in 1909, and was chairman of selectors in 1924 and from 1927 to 1930. Today most of the duke's wealth is in the form of the art collection put together by the first duke's uncle, Francis Egerton, 3rd Duke of Bridgewater, which had been inherited by the Ellesmere line of the family. His son Thomas, the second Baronet, married Frances, daughter of Sir John Leveson. He challenged the basic premise of the clearance: that the people from an inland region could make a living on their new coastal crofts. Image: Trentham Hall, Staffordshire.William West, Picturesque Views of Staffordshire. On 13 June 1814, this was done by burning in the case of Badinloskin, the house occupied by William Chisholm. It was probably about this time that Lilleshall House became better known as Lilleshall Hall, although the house had been called both names over time. [6]:388 Clearances continued under the factorship of Frances Suther and the overall control of James Loch. His eldest son, the third Duke, married Anne Hay-Mackenzie, who in 1864 was created Countess of Cromarty, with remainder to their younger sons (see Earl of Cromarty). Lilleshall House is going to auction. He was succeeded in the earldom of Sutherland and lordship of Strathnaver, which could be inherited by females, by his niece Elizabeth. Loch was anxious to move quickly, whilst cattle prices were high and there was a good demand for leases of sheep farms. She married the future 3 rd Duke of Sutherland George Leveson-Gower in 1849. At the June sale it became the property of Sir John Leigh for the next few years. Estates. Loch, nevertheless, also subscribed to the theory that clearance was beneficial for the tenants as much as for the estate. [2]:154-155, The Sutherland Clearances did not start until the 19th century, mainly due to insufficient capital – a problem that was solved when, in 1803, George Leveson-Gower, the future 1st Duke inherited a huge fortune from the Duke of Bridgewater.
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