(2006) Confirmation of a meteoritic component in impact-melt rocks of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure, Virginia, USA - Evidence from osmium isotopic and PGE systematics, Meteoritics and Planetary Science, Volume 41, issue 6, pp. 507—510., http://geology.gsapubs.org/content/26/6/507.abstract, Johnson G. H., Powars D. S. (1996) Effects of Chesapeake Bay impact structure on late Cenozoic stratigraphic sequences and landscapes, southeastern Virginia (abstract) Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, Volume 28, No. 2005, pp. B., Daniels D. L., and Shah A. K. (2009) Gravity investigations of the Chesapeake Bay impact structureGeological Society of America Special Papers, Volume 458, p. 181-193, doi:10.1130/2009.2458(09), http://specialpapers.gsapubs.org/content/458/181.abstract, Poag C. W. (1996) Structural outer rim of Chesapeake Bay impact crater - Seismic and borehole evidence. 819-833. It's located in Virginia, United States. (Image credit: USGS) Blows out ejecta there. https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2002AM/finalprogram/abstract_41490.htm, Deutsch A., Koeberl C. (2006) Establishing the Link Between the Chesapeake Bay Impact Structure and the North American Tektite Strewn Field: The Sr-Nd Isotopic Evidence. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, Volume 30, p. A-279. The Chesapeake Bay impact crater formed ca. The size of the crater is constrained in Plescia et al. The Chesapeake Bay Impact Crater was discovered in 1999 by a tandem of USGS and Virginia Department of Environmental Quality scientists.. … The Chesapeake Bay impact crater is defined on the basis of (1) seismic-reflection profiles that cross lower Chesapeake Bay and the continental shelf east of the Delmarva Peninsula; (2) Bouguer and free-air gravity measurements from the bay, the surrounding peninsulas, and the continental shelf; (3) two continuous core holes drilled inside the crater, and two drilled outside the crater … Considered to be one of the best-preserved “wet-target” impact craters in the world, the Chesapeake Bay Crater is the largest known impact site in the United States. (2009) Pre-impact tectonothermal evolution of the crystalline basement-derived rocks in the ICDP-USGS Eyreville B core, Chesapeake Bay impact structure. Journal Non-Crystalline Solids, Volume 323, Issues 1-3, pp. Horton, J. W., Jr., G. S. Gohn, J. C. Jackson, J. N. Aleinikoff, W. E. Sanford, L. E. Edwards, and D. S. Powars. 819-833. doi: 10.1111/j.1945-5100.2006.tb00488.x, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1945-5100.2006.tb00488.x/abstract, McFarland, E. R., and T. S. Bruce. This volume synthesizes 16 years of geological and geophysical studies that document an 85-km-wide impact crater buried 500 m beneath Chesapeake Bay in southeastern Virginia, USA. In The ICDP-USGS Deep Drilling Project in the Chesapeake Bay Impact Structure: Results from the Eyreville core holes, edited by Gohn G. S., Koeberl C., Miller K. G., and Reimold W. U. GSA Special Paper 458. : Horton and Izett, 2005; Pusz et al., 2009). In Large Meteorite Impacts III: Geological Society of America Special Paper 384, 2005a, pp. planar deformation features in quartz (up to 5 sets); ballen quartz; impactor components in target materials. 73–97, doi:10.1130/2008.2437(06), http://specialpapers.gsapubs.org/content/437/73.abstract, Horton, J.W., Jr., and Izett, G.A., 2005; Crystalline-rock ejecta and shocked minerals of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure, USGS-NASA Langley Core, Hampton, Virginia, with supplemental constraints on the age of the impact, in Horton et al., Editors, Studies of the Chesapeake Bay Impact Structure—The USGS-NASA Langley Corehole, Hampton, Virginia, and related Coreholes and Geophysical Surveys, USGS Prof. Paper 1688. The impact apparently affected pre-impact structures near the CBIC. (2009) Megablocks and melt pockets in the Chesapeake Bay impact structure constrained by magnetic field measurements and properties of the Eyreville and Cape Charles cores. Geology, Volume 33, pp. The crater was discovered 14 years ago. Virginia Coastal Plain sediments, the southern part of the Chesapeake Bay, and a small part of the Atlantic Ocean now cover the crater. This report documents the highly variable structure, stratigraphy, and buried topography of the outer rim of the Chesapeake Bay impact crater created by its impact and burial. The impact origin of each location listed on this website has been supported by unambiguous diagnostic evidence of hypervelocity impact that has been reported in a scientific (usually peer reviewed) context. Timing of the impact is relatively well constrained by multiple studies, to 35.3 to 35.4 Ma (e.g. 119–136., Emry, S. R., and B. Miller. 1–20., Griscom D. L. (2001) Possible identification of proximal ejecta from the Upper-Eocene Chesapeake Bay crater (abstract), European Science Foundation: Impact Programme, 6th ESF-IMPACT Workshop, Granada, Spain, 35., Griscom D. L. (2002) Is Washington DC built on ejecta deposits of the upper-Eocene Chesapeake Bay Crater? The late Eocene Chesapeake Bay impact structure (CBIS) on the Atlantic margin of Virginia is one of the largest and best-preserved "wet-target" craters on Earth. The Chesapeake Bay crater is an 85 km impact structure formed during the late Eocene, about 35.4 million years ago. 218-226. doi. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1612, 82 p. Powars and Bruce (1999) showed that the Chesapeake Bay region of southeastern Virginia was the site of an asteroid or comet impact during the late Eocene, approximately 35 million years ago (Fig. Powars, D.S., 2000, The effects of the Chesapeake Bay impact crater on the geologic framework and the correlation of hydrogeologic units of Southeastern Virginia, south of the James River: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1622, 53 p. Horton, J. Wright, Jr., Powars, David S., and Gohn, Gregory S., 2005, Studies of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure : The USGS-NASA Langley corehole, Hampton, Virginia, and related coreholes and geophysical surveys: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1688, 464 p., 2 plates. pp. Try pasting the link shown into a search engine or searching for the article authors, title, or other reference information. (2004) The Chesapeake Bay Crater: Geology and Geophysics of a Late Eocene Submarine Impact Structure, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2004. C, Chou I-M (2009) Evolution of crystalline target rocks and impactites in the Chesapeake Bay impact structure, ICDP-USGS Eyreville B coreGeological Society of America Special Papers, Volume 458, p. 277-316, doi:10.1130/2009.2458(14), http://specialpapers.gsapubs.org/content/458/277.abstract, Horton, J. W., Jr., D. S. Powars, and G. S. Gohn, eds. Learn more here: Powars, D.S., and Bruce, T.S., 1999, The effects of the Chesapeake Bay impact crater on the geological framework and correlation of hydrogeologic units of the Lower York-James Peninsula, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1612, 82 p. Prepared in cooperation with the Hampton Roads Planning District Commission. 3, pp. 218-226. doi: 10.1111/j.1945-5100.1996.tb02015.x, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1945-5100.1996.tb02015.x/abstract, Poag C. W. (2002) Synimpact-postimpact transition inside Chesapeake Bay crater. The resultant crater is now buried 400-500 m beneath lower Chesapeake Bay, its surrounding peninsulas, and the continental shelf east of Delmarva Peninsula. Meteoritics and Planetary Science, Volume 31, Issue 2, pp. GSA Special Paper 458. Boulder, Colorado. Chesapeake Bay Impact Crater (GC602XB) was created by FLtravelers on 7/23/2015. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1688-A-K, 2005b, p. 453., Johnson G. H., Kruse S. E., Vaughn A. W., Lucey J. K., Hobbs C. H. III, Powars D. S. (1998) Postimpact deformation associated with the late Eocene Chesapeake Bay impact structure in southeastern Virginia: Geology, Volume 26, No. Reston, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey, open-file report 2004-1016. http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1016/2004-1016.pdf, Edwards L. E., Powars D. S. (2003) Impact Damage to Dinocysts from the Late Eocene Chesapeake Bay Event. This convulsive event, and the giant tsunami it engendered, fundamentally changed the regional geological framework and depositional regime of the Virginia Coastal Plain, and produced the following principal consequences. Gibson R. L., Townsend N. G., Horton J. W. Jr.,, Reimold W. U. (2009) to about 85 km diameter, with a ~40 km diameter central uplift. (2008) Deep drilling into the Chesapeake Bay impact structure, Science, Volume 320, Issue 5884, pp. In Edwards, L. E., Horton, J. W., Jr., and Gohn, G. S., 2004, ICDP-USGS Workshop on Deep Drilling in the Central Crater of the Chesapeake Bay Impact Structure, Virginia, USA, September 22-24, 2003: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1016, CD-ROM.. Poag C. W. (1996) Structural outer rim of Chesapeake Bay impact crater - Seismic and borehole evidence. The Barringer Crater is about 1.2 km in diameter, making it much smaller than the Chesapeake Bay Impact … Poag C. W., Koeberl C., Reimold W. U. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the Creative Commons CC0 License; all unstructured text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. Griscom D. L. (2012) In plain sight: the Chesapeake Bay crater ejecta blanket, Solid Earth Discuss., Volume 4, pp. Chesapeake Bay Impact Crater November 14, 2013. (2009) Rock magnetic properties of the ICDP-USGS Eyreville core, Chesapeake Bay impact structure, USA. 363-428, doi:10.5194/sed-4-363-2012. GSA Special Paper 458. (2004) The Chesapeake Bay Crater: Geology and Geophysics of a Late Eocene Submarine Impact Structure, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2004. ISBN-10: 3540404414; ISBN-13: 978-3540404415; doi: 10.1017/S0016756805260430, http://www.springer.com/us/book/9783540404415, Poag C. W., Powars D. S., Mixon R. B. The Chesapeake Bay Crater impact site was formed more than 35 million years ago by a comet or asteroid 5 to 8 miles (8 to 13 kilometers) in diameter. 235–255. 689-703. doi: 10.1111/j.1945-5100.2006.tb00985.x, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1945-5100.2006.tb00985.x/abstract. Without such evidence, a geological structure is not a confirmed impact crater. Harvey, S. V., Investigating the relationship of the Chesapeake Bay impact crater and the Virginia inland salt-water wedge, Bolide Impacts on Wet Targets, Geological Society of America Field Forum Abstracts. 11, pp. Results from a Scientific Test Hole in the Central Uplift, Chesapeake Bay Impact Structure, Virginia, USA [Abstract]: Lunar and Planetary Science Conference XXXVI, Abstract 2003, 2005c, p. 2., Horton Jr. J. W., Gohn G. S., Powars D. S., Edwards L. E. (2007) Origin and emplacement of impactites in the Chesapeake Bay impact structure, Virginia, USA, Geological Society of America Special Papers, Volume 437, pp. Powars D. S. (2000) The Effects of the Chesapeake Bay Impact Crater on the Geologic Framework and the Correlation of Hydrogeologic Units of Southeastern Virginia, South of the James River, Professional Paper 1622, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. 275-285., http://palaios.geoscienceworld.org/content/18/3/275.abstract, Elbra T., Kontny A., Pesonen L. J. 995-998. doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<0995:SPTICB>2.0.CO;2, http://geology.gsapubs.org/content/30/11/995.abstract, Poag C. W. (1997) The Chesapeake Bay bolide impact: a convulsive event in Atlantic Coastal Plain evolution, Sedimentary Geology, Volume 108, Issues 1-4, pp. (eds. ISBN-10: 3540404414; ISBN-13: 978-3540404415; doi: 10.1017/S0016756805260430. One piece of rock comes in or a piece of stony metal or nickel or iron. Geology, Volume 30, No. http://specialpapers.gsapubs.org/content/458, EARTH IMPACT DATABASE: CHESAPEAKE BAY CRATER, WIKIPEDIA ENTRY FOR CHESAPEAKE BAY IMPACT CRATER. The effects of the Chesapeake Bay impact crater on the geologic framework and the correlation of hydrogeologic units of southeastern Virginia, south of the James River About 35 million years ago, a large comet or meteor slammed into the shallow shelf on the western margin of the Atlantic Ocean, creating the Chesapeake Bay impact crater. 8, pp. Griscom D. L. (2002) Is Washington DC built on ejecta deposits of the upper-Eocene Chesapeake Bay Crater? Chesapeake Bay Impact Crater drill site, including retrieving cores from the drilling rig, inspecting the core samples and participating in the impact-crater formation demonstrations. "Chesapeake Bay Impact Structure - 35 Million Years After - and Still Making An Impact." United States Meteorite Impact Craters - Chesapeake Bay Crater, Virginia 195–209., Vanko D. A. Boulder, Colorado: Geological Society of America. Horton, J.W., Jr., and Izett, G.A., 2005; Horton et al., 2009; Bartosova et al., 2009; Vanko, 2009. (1994) Virginia's coastal plain inland salt water wedge - A geohydrological response to the Chesapeake Bay bolide impact (abstract). (Image credit: GEBCO world map 2014) Boulder, Colorado: Geological Society of America. The Chesapeake Bay Impact Structure is a complex crater with a central, crystalline peak surrounded by breccia from the impact, and a wide, shallower outer brim surrounding the deeper inner crater so that the whole Chesapeake Bay Impact Structure resembles an inverted sombrero. Crawford D. A. 2001. Edited by J. W. Horton, Jr., D. S. Powars, and G. S. Gohn. Cross section showing main features of Chesapeake Bay impact crater and three coreholes that provided data on these features. Powars D. S., Poag C. W., Mixon R. B. 697-700.. Griscom D. L. (2007) Chesapeake Bay crater ejecta are alive and well and living in Maryland. 349–376., Wittmann A., Schmitt R. T., Hecht L., Kring D. A., Reimold W. U., Povenmire H. (2009) Petrology of impact melt rocks from the Chesapeake Bay crater, USA. 7, p. A119., Johnson G. H., Powars D. S., Bruce T. S., Vaughn A. W, Lucey J. K., Kruse S. E. (1998) Relationship of Yorktown Formation lithofacies to post-impact deformation on the terrace zone, southeastern Virginia (abstract). K1-K32., McDonald I., Bartosova K., Koeberl C. (2009) Search for a meteoritic component in impact breccia from the Eyreville core, Chesapeake Bay impact structure: Considerations from platinum group element contents, Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, Issue 458, pp. The Chesapeake Bay impact structure, Virginia, is the largest impact crater in the United States. This altered landscape later became Chesapeake Bay. Powars D. S., Johnson G. H., Bruce T. S. (1998) Stratigraphic, structural, and hydrogeological complexities related to the outer rim of the Chesapeake Bay impact crater (abstract). pp. When the asteroid struck the Earth, it is said to have caused a dizzying wave of water that reached 1,500 feet in height . A., Powars D. S., Sanford W. E., Voytek M. A. Ancient Seawater Found Under The Chesapeake Bay. Other significant evidence: breccias, impact melts, detailed morphology and mapping, platinum group element enrichment, associated tektites, magnetic and gravity anomalies, detailed petrology and petrography. Meteoritics and Planetary Science, Volume 31, Issue 2, pp. Called the Chesapeake Bay Impact Structure, this 35-million-year-old crater is hidden beneath the waters of the Chesapeake. ... unequivocally lost under sand and rock and mud. To learn about the crater discovery as well as the impact process and its resulting effects, visit the Cape Charles Museum, located on the eastern side of the town. 925-928, doi:10.1130/G21854.1, http://geology.gsapubs.org/content/33/12/925.abstract. (1993) The Chesapeake Bay “impact crater”; Stratigraphic and seismic evidence (abstract). Powars D. S., Poag C. W., Mixon R. B. Discovery of the giant crater revised our understanding of Atlantic Coastal Plain evolution. References: [1] Poag, C. W., C. Koebrel and W. U. Reimold: The Chesapeake Bay Crater, Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, New York, 2004, 522 pages. Virginia, and the District of Columbia ...disguised as ?5000 km2 of “upland deposits”, Geological Society of America Wetumpka Field Forum 2007 Guidebook and Abstracts, 85. ), 2009. In The ICDP-USGS Deep Drilling Project in the Chesapeake Bay Impact Structure: Results from the Eyreville core holes, edited by Gohn G. S., Koeberl C., Miller K. G., and Reimold W. U. GSA Special Paper 458. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, Volume 26, p. 410.. 7, p. A-119., Self-Trail J. M. (2003) Shock-Wave-Induced Fracturing of Calcareous Nano Fossils from the Chesapeake Bay Impact Crater. The International Continental Scientific Drilling Program and the U.S. Geological Survey drilled a 1,766-m-deep test hole near the center of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure in 2005 and 2006. "Studies of the Chesapeake Bay Impact Structure - The USGS-NASA Langley Corehole, Hampton, Virginia, and Related Coreholes and Geophysical Surveys." Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. (If links to articles don't work, don't give up. Boulder, Colorado: Geological Society of America. 469-479. Lee S. R., Horton Jr. J. W., Walker R. J. The Chesapeake Bay impact crater is “the largest crater discovered so far in the United States, and it’s one of only a few oceanic impact craters that have been documented worldwide,” says USGS hydrologist David Powars. 469-479. doi:10.1130/2009.2458(21), Plescia J. http://www.solid-earth-discuss.net/4/363/2012/sed-4-363-2012.pdf. The important question of how large the impactor was that formed the crater remains unanswered. (2003) Fossil natural glasses composed of ferric oxyhydroxides: Impactites of the 35.5 million year old Chesapeake Bay crater. , https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/2005/1688/ak/PP1688_chapE.pdf, Horton J. W. Jr., Kunk M. J., Belkin H. E., Aleinikoff J. N., Jackson J. (abstract), European Science Foundation: Impact Programme, ESF-IMPACT Workshop, 9th, Prague, Czechoslovakia, 23.. Boats sail above the Chesapeake Bay crater and crabs tiptoe across it and developers build on top of it. The Chesapeake Bay impactor threw molten debris over 4 million square miles (10 million square km) of land and water, from Massachusetts to Barbados. http://geology.gsapubs.org/content/33/5/417.short, Shah A. K., Daniels D. L., Kontny A., and Brozena J. This section, which is included for each crater on this website, is not an exhaustive list of such published evidence, but is meant to demonstrate that appropriate work has been done for each listing. Copyright 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016 United States Meteorite Impact Craters. Studies revealed several consequences of the impact that still affect citizens around the bay today: land subsidence, river diversion, disruption of coastal aquifers, ground instability, and location of Chesapeake Bay. The Chesapeake Bay crater is an 85 km impact structure formed during the late Eocene, about 35.4 million years ago. The Chesapeake impact structure is one of the best-preserved “wet-target” or marine impact craters, and the largest known impact crater in the U.S. 6, pp. 1). 377–396., http://geology.er.usgs.gov/eespteam/crater/, Fernandes et al., 2012, abstract http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2012/pdf/1775.pdf, Fernandes et al., 2014 http://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2014/pdf/1274.pdf, http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/2005/1688/ak/PP1688_chapA.pdf, https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2002AM/finalprogram/session_2233.htm, https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2004AM/finalprogram/abstract_79601.htm. Creation/evolution, astronomy, physics, biology, and other nerdy stuff goes here. GSA Special Paper 458. Meteoritics and Planetary Science, Volume 41, Issue 5, pp. Drilling into the Chesapeake Bay crater has ended for now, but Sanford suspects that more water of this age and composition is sequestered elsewhere deep off … of the Atlantic Ocean, creating the Chesapeake Bay impact crater (CBIC). Insight from numerical modeling. "Distribution, Origin, and Resource-Management Implications of Ground-Water Salinity Along the Western Margin of the Chesapeake Bay Impact Structure in Eastern Virginia." pp. On Dec. 4, the drill bit reached a final depth of 5,795 ft (1.1 miles, 1.77 kilometers) within the structure of the crater. (2009) A petrographic and fluid inclusion assessment of hydrothermal alteration of some impactites and crystalline rocks in the Chesapeake Bay impact structure, ICDP-USGS Eyreville B coreGeological Society of America Special Papers, Volume 458, p. 543-557, doi:10.1130/2009.2458(23), http://specialpapers.gsapubs.org/content/458/543.abstract, Wittmann A., Reimold W. U., Schmitt R. T., Hecht L., Kenkmann T. (2009) The record of ground zero in the Chesapeake Bay impact crater - Suevites and related rocks. The crater is buried beneath hundreds of me- pp. Prepared in cooperation with the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP). During this same three-minute interval, an ejected curtain of crushed rock debris, mixed with seawater, spurts 50 kilometers into the atmosphere, before raining back as incandescent ballistic missiles. Subsequent structural adjustments of these structures likely were influenced
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